Addressing Misogyny: The Law, Hate Crime and New Feminist Approaches

解决厌女症：法律、仇恨犯罪和新女权主义方法

• 批准号: 2279896
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Queen's University Belfast
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2279896
• 关键词: Addressing; Misogyny; Law; Hate; Crime

Violence against women and girls has become an urgent contemporary debate in the United Kingdom (McGlynn, Rackely and Houghton 2017). Recently, attempts have been made to use hate crime legislation to address the role of misogyny in gender based violence. In 2016, the chief executive of Women's Aid stated "violence against women is underpinned by misogyny" (Sandu, 2018) and the Nottinghamshire Police piloted a pioneering Misogyny and Hate Crime policy (Mullany and Trickett, 2018). In 2018, Labour MP Stella Creasy sought to use hate crime legislation to address the role of misogyny in gender based violence through an amendment to the Voyeurism (Offences) (No2) Bill to include gender as a protected characteristic, raising the possibility of extended sentencing where misogyny was found to be a motivating factor in criminal activity. Hate Crime is not a single offence, but exists across a range of legislation. Five characteristics - race, religion, disability, sexual orientation and transgender identity - are protected under this legislative patchwork, only two of which - race and religion - have the potential to affect sentencing. Hate crime is a 'slippery' concept, both theoretically and operationally. A 2016 report on Hate Crime by the Equality and Human Rights Commission determined that, 'though the term hate crime is widely used in the media and criminal justice system ... it is not always clear what the term actually means'.Aginst this urgent backdrop, this socio-legal research will investigate the concept of misogyny in both feminist theory and the practice of feminist lobby groups, asking what potential current hate crime legislation has to effectively respond to misogyny. It will use emerging practice of feminist legislative drafting to offer a more effective legal response to misogyny. Twenty semi-structured interviews with key feminist lobby groups across the four UK jurisdictions will provide qualitative data which will be transcribed and analysed. Informed by the qualitative research, the project will first investigate how theoretical concepts in feminist legal theory map on to practical understandings of misogyny and hate crime within feminist lobby groups and then draw on the nascent methodology of feminist legislative drafting (Askin, 1997; Enright et all, 2015; Enright and de Londras, 2018), proposing ways in which legislation can grapple with deeply ingrained social structures that perpetuate violence against women. For maximum impact, research findings will be made available as a resource to feminist lobby groups engaged throughout the project and could potentially offer recommendations for government. Finally, this research will make an original contribution not only to socio-legal work on hate crime, but to the emerging field of feminist legislative drafting more generally.

暴力侵害妇女和女童行为已成为英国当代一个紧迫的辩论（McGlynn、Rackely和霍顿，2017年）。最近，有人试图利用仇恨犯罪立法来解决厌女症在基于性别的暴力中的作用。2016年，妇女援助组织的首席执行官表示，“对妇女的暴力行为是由厌女症支撑的”（Sandu，2018年），新罕布什尔州警方试行了一项开创性的厌女症和仇恨犯罪政策（Mullany和Trickett，2018年）。2018年，工党议员斯特拉·克雷西（Stella Creasy）试图利用仇恨犯罪立法来解决厌女症在性别暴力中的作用，通过修正《偷窥狂（犯罪）（第2号）法案》，将性别作为受保护的特征，提高了在厌女症被发现是犯罪活动的动机因素时延长判刑的可能性。仇恨犯罪不是一种单一的犯罪，而是存在于一系列立法中。种族、宗教、残疾、性取向和跨性别身份等五个特征在这一立法拼凑中受到保护，其中只有两个特征--种族和宗教--有可能影响量刑。仇恨犯罪无论在理论上还是在操作上都是一个“难以捉摸”的概念。平等与人权委员会2016年的一份关于仇恨犯罪的报告确定，“尽管仇恨犯罪一词在媒体和刑事司法系统中被广泛使用，但仇恨犯罪是一种犯罪行为。在这一紧迫的背景下，这项社会法律研究将调查女权主义理论和女权主义游说团体实践中的厌女症概念，并询问当前仇恨犯罪立法的潜力，以有效应对厌女症。它将利用女权主义立法起草的新做法，为厌女症提供更有效的法律的回应。二十个半结构化的采访，在英国的四个司法管辖区的主要女权主义游说团体将提供定性数据，将转录和分析。根据定性研究，该项目将首先调查女权主义法律的理论中的理论概念如何映射到女权主义游说团体对厌女症和仇恨犯罪的实际理解，然后借鉴女权主义立法起草的新生方法（Askin，1997年; Enright et all，2015年; Enright and de Londras，2018年），提出了立法可以解决根深蒂固的社会结构的方法，这些结构使暴力侵害妇女行为永久化。为了产生最大的影响，研究结果将作为一种资源提供给参与整个项目的女权主义游说团体，并可能为政府提供建议。最后，这项研究将作出原创性的贡献，不仅对仇恨犯罪的社会法律工作，但更普遍的女权主义立法起草的新兴领域。