This research is investigating the history of Scottish hospital architecture between 1948 (the year when the NHS was created) and the 1990s.

本研究调查 1948 年（NHS 成立当年）至 20 世纪 90 年代苏格兰医院建筑的历史。

• 批准号: 2280354
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2280354
• 关键词: research; investigating; history; Scottish; hospital

The topic has received little attention, despite the fact that a major hospital-building programme was undertaken. Most studies of hospital architecture do not go beyond the 1970s, while the majority focus on the first half of the twentieth century. Broader studies of post-war architecture that include hospitals have focused on the work of major architectural firms and predominantly feature English examples. The first phase of work aims to identify the hospital buildings erected between 1948 and 1998. These will include entire new hospitals as well as additions to existing sites. Visits, map analysis and archival research will establish a chronology of hospital building in Scotland and identify which buildings are still standing. Some from the 1960s have been demolished in recent years, as the NHS has embarked on a further major programme of rebuilding under the Private Finance Initiative. Recurrent plan types will be categorised; architects, engineers, construction companies and building methods will be recorded. More in-depth research on a representative selection of sites will follow in the second phase of work. The research asks: how, and by whom, were new hospital buildings conceived designed, and built? From preliminary research at the National Records of Scotland in Edinburgh, it is clear that the relationships between the Department of Health, the regional and local boards of management, NHS architects and private firms, were complex, close, and not always amicable. These complexities are not evident from the articles on new hospitals that appeared in the architectural and medical press of the time. The convoluted bureaucracy, implications of adherence to government policy, and ultimate Treasury control over spending, combined to produce lengthy gestation periods for new hospitals. This can tell us much about how and why hospitals were built as they were, but also illuminate wider question of process and collaboration in the history of twentieth-century architecture and public-sector patronage. Other themes that are likely to emerge are: how and why Scotland differed from England in its implementation of the Hospital Plans of 1962 and 1966; the impacts of economic recession in the 1970s and the Public Finance Initiative of the early 1990s; and the extent to which hospital buildings adapted to the rapid pace of change in medical practice. My previous research on pre-war hospitals in Scotland and England will assist in considering continuities with earlier building projects, executed or postponed by the outbreak of war, the effects of the war-time emergency medical service, and immediate post-war plans.Apart from adding to our understanding of the development of hospital architecture in the second half of the twentieth century, I anticipate that the research will evoke a greater appreciation of these buildings and hopefully ensure the protection of the most important examples. It will also provide the NHS with a qualitative assessment of its building stock, enabling strategic plans for future redevelopment to avoid conflict with heritage bodies. The influence of the built environment on health and wellbeing is an area of active interest. Public engagement through social media, workshops and other events can be used to measure the impact of hospital design and planning on the user's experience. The positive effects of building excellence on patient recovery times and staff wellbeing is now a key consideration in commissioning new hospitals, recognising excellence in older buildings equally has potential benefits to staff and patients. Hospitals are an important part of people's lives, and the NHS is rightly cherished. But its extraordinary architectural legacy is in danger of vanishing before it has been properly evaluated and considered.

尽管开展了一项重大的医院建设方案，但这一专题几乎没有受到关注。大多数对医院建筑的研究不会超过20世纪70年代，而大多数研究集中在20世纪上半叶。对包括医院在内的战后建筑的更广泛研究集中在主要建筑公司的工作上，主要是以英文例子为特色。第一阶段的工作旨在确定1948至1998年间建造的医院建筑。这将包括整个新医院以及现有地点的增建。参观、地图分析和档案研究将建立苏格兰医院建筑的年表，并确定哪些建筑仍然屹立不倒。近年来，随着NHS在私人融资倡议下启动了另一项重大重建计划，一些20世纪60年代的建筑已被拆除。经常性计划类型将被分类；建筑师、工程师、建筑公司和建筑方法将被记录下来。在第二阶段的工作中，将对具有代表性的地点进行更深入的研究。这项研究的问题是：新的医院建筑是如何构思、设计和建造的，是由谁设计的？从位于爱丁堡的苏格兰国家记录的初步研究中可以清楚地看出，卫生部、地区和地方管理委员会、NHS建筑师和私人公司之间的关系复杂、密切，而且并不总是友好的。从当时建筑和医学媒体上出现的关于新医院的文章中，这些复杂性并不明显。错综复杂的官僚作风，坚持政府政策的影响，以及财政部对支出的最终控制，这些因素共同导致了新医院的漫长孕育期。这可以告诉我们许多关于医院是如何以及为什么建造的，但也揭示了20世纪建筑史和公共部门赞助历史上更广泛的过程和合作问题。可能出现的其他主题包括：苏格兰在执行1962年和1966年的医院计划方面如何以及为什么与英格兰不同；1970年代经济衰退和1990年代初公共财政倡议的影响；以及医院建筑在多大程度上适应了医疗实践的快速变化。我之前对苏格兰和英格兰战前医院的研究将有助于考虑由于战争爆发而执行或推迟的早期建筑项目的连续性，战时紧急医疗服务的影响，以及战后立即制定的计划。除了增加我们对20世纪下半叶医院建筑发展的理解外，我预计这项研究将唤起人们对这些建筑的更多欣赏，并有望确保对最重要的例子的保护。它还将为NHS提供对其建筑存量的定性评估，使未来重新开发的战略计划能够避免与遗产机构发生冲突。建筑环境对健康和福祉的影响是一个积极关注的领域。通过社交媒体、研讨会和其他活动的公众参与可以用来衡量医院设计和规划对用户体验的影响。建设卓越对患者康复时间和员工福祉的积极影响现在是启用新医院的关键考虑因素，认识到旧建筑中的卓越同样对员工和患者具有潜在好处。医院是人们生活中重要的一部分，NHS理所当然地受到珍视。但在得到适当的评估和考虑之前，它非凡的建筑遗产正面临消失的危险。