Neighborhood, Race and Alcohol Use /Abuse Trajectories

描述（由申请人提供）：许多研究已经考虑了个人背景和家庭功能如何与酒精使用，进展和停止有关。这项研究是新颖的，它有可能揭示更广泛的社会背景--社区和学校--对酒精使用和滥用的病因学的贡献。数据来自一项前瞻性的纵向研究，研究对象是居住在芝加哥80个社区的3000名青年。受试者在6年内接受了三次调查，年龄从9岁到23岁不等。该研究旨在包括：1）大量的三个主要种族/民族亚组（白色、黑人和西班牙裔）; 2）这些种族/民族亚组中每个亚组的实质性社会经济差异和重叠; 3）研究社区的社会经济、种族和民族组成的实质性差异。通过调查、观察和其他来源收集的大量信息使研究小组能够描述研究参与者居住的社区和他们就读的学校的社会过程。这项工作遵循了我们之前的研究结果，基于横截面数据，即社区背景约占青少年年度酒精使用率观察到的黑白差异的50%。居住在同一社区的黑人和白色青年之间的酒精使用差异大约是芝加哥市黑人和白色青年平均水平的一半。鉴于邻里环境与酒精使用之间存在强烈关联的证据，本研究旨在1）描述9-23岁酒精使用的种族/民族差异; 2）检查这些差异在多大程度上可以通过社会经济地位和移民世代地位的群体差异来解释; 3）研究这些差异在多大程度上可以归因于种族，民族和社会经济隔离的群体到不同的住宅和/或学校环境;（4）确定学校和社区的一组理论上表明的特征是否解释了这些背景效应。此外，这项研究还将支持开发先进的统计技术，同时估计学校和社区对酒精使用的种族/民族差异的贡献。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many studies have considered how personal background and family functioning are linked to alcohol use, progression, and desistance. The proposed study is novel in its potential to reveal the ways in which broader social contexts-neighborhoods and schools-contribute to the etiology of alcohol use and abuse. Data are drawn from a prospective, longitudinal study of 3000 youth living in 80 neighborhoods of Chicago. Subjects were surveyed on three occasions over 6 years, and range in age from 9 to 23. The study was designed to include 1) large numbers of three major race/ethnic subgroups (white, black and Hispanic); 2) substantial socioeconomic variation and overlap within each of these race/ethnic subgroups; and 3) substantial variation in the socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic composition of the study neighborhoods. Considerable information collected through surveys, observations, and other sources enable the research team to characterize the social processes in the neighborhoods in which the study participants have resided and in the schools that they have attended. The proposed work follows our previous findings, based on cross-sectional data, that neighborhood context accounted for roughly 50% of the observed black-white disparity in adolescent annual alcohol use rates. The disparity in alcohol use between a black and white youth living in the same neighborhood is roughly half that observed between the average black and white youth in the city of Chicago. Given this evidence of the strong association between neighborhood context and alcohol use, this study aims to 1) describe race/ethnic differences in alcohol use from age 9-23; 2) examine the extent to which these can be accounted for by group differences in socioeconomic status and immigrant generational status; 3) examine the extent to which these differences can be attributed to racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic segregation of groups into different residential and/or school contexts; and 4) determine whether a set of theoretically indicated characteristics of schools and neighborhoods explain these contextual effects. In addition, this study will also support the development of advanced statistical techniques needed to simultaneously estimate school and neighborhood contributions to race/ethnic disparities in alcohol use.