Social Reactions, PTSD & Drinking in Sex Assault Victims

社会反应、创伤后应激障碍

• 批准号: 6711657
• 负责人: SARAH E ULLMAN
• 金额: $ 22.95万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2006-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6711657
• 关键词: adult human (21+); alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; avoidance behavior; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; coping; crime victims; depression; expectancy; experience; female; guilt; health care service utilization; human subject; interpersonal relations; longitudinal human study; mental health epidemiology; mental health services; posttraumatic stress disorder; psychometrics; rape; self medication; social adjustment; social support network; women' s health

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Negative social reactions, such as victim blame, are commonly experienced by victims of rape and are related to poorer psychological and physical health. The proposed project examines how sexual assault experiences may engender negative social reactions from social network members, which may be associated with maladaptive victim responses (e.g., self-blame attributions, avoidance coping), and consequently more psychological symptoms and drinking problems in women embracing alcohol expectancies involving its self-medication function. In phase 1 of the project, a mail survey of approximately 1,000 respondents recruited from three distinct victim populations (college students, community residents, and mental health agency clients) will be conducted to test the proposed theoretical model of rape recovery with women identified as completed or attempted rape victims (N=600). Several hypotheses will be tested to assess the role of social reactions in adjustment to rape using a valid and reliable instrument, the Social Reactions Questionnaire (SRQ), developed by the P1 with prior NIMH small grant funding (Ullman, 2000). In phase 2, women identified from the preliminary survey as more recent victims (within the past year) will be invited to participate in a longitudinal study of recovery from sexual assault (N=100-150). These women will be re-surveyed at a 1 year follow-up interval following their assaults to determine how reactions to disclosure of their experiences, any intervening sexual assaults, alcohol expectancies, coping, and attributions affect PTSD symptom severity and subsequent drinking problems. In phase 3, multivariate analyses of correlates of mental health service seeking will be conducted in the cross-sectional sample. A subset of victims (10 percent) completing the initial mail survey will be interviewed (N=60) regarding their experiences with mental health providers (including their alcohol-related problems) in order to better understand barriers to help seeking, given sexual assault victims' low rate of mental health service seeking.

描述（申请人提供）：负面的社会反应，例如受害者 责备是强奸受害者通常经历的，并且与较差有关 心理和身体健康。拟议的项目研究了性 攻击经历可能会引起社交网络的负面社交反应 成员，可能与适应不良的受害者反应有关（例如， 自我塑造的归因，避免应对），因此更心理 妇女拥抱酒精期望的症状和饮酒问题 涉及其自我药物功能。在项目的第一阶段，邮件 从三名不同受害者招募的大约1,000名受访者的调查 人口（大学生，社区居民和心理健康机构 客户）将进行测试强奸的理论模型 与被确定为已完成或未遂强奸受害者的妇女的康复（n = 600）。 将测试几种假设，以评估社会反应在 使用有效可靠的工具调整强奸，社会反应 问卷（SRQ），由P1与先前的NIMH小赠款资助开发 （Ullman，2000）。在第2阶段，妇女从初步调查中确定为 最近的受害者（过去一年内）将邀请参加 从性侵犯中恢复的纵向研究（n = 100-150）。这些女人 在袭击后，将以1年的随访时间重新调查 确定对他们经历的披露的反应，任何干预 性侵犯，饮酒期望，应对和归因会影响PTSD 症状严重程度和随后的饮酒问题。在第3阶段，多元 在寻找精神卫生服务相关性的分析将在 横截面样品。一部分受害者（10％）完成 初步邮件调查将接受有关他们的经验的采访（n = 60） 心理健康提供者（包括与酒精有关的问题） 鉴于性侵犯受害者的低点，更好地了解帮助寻求的障碍 寻求心理健康服务的速度。