Informal Social Network Dyads and Comorbid Problem Drinking and PTSD in Rape Victims

强奸受害者的非正式社交网络二元关系以及共病饮酒问题和创伤后应激障碍

• 批准号: 10026759
• 负责人: SARAH E ULLMAN
• 金额: $ 27.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-25 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10026759
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; American; Communities; Data; Development; Disclosure; Distress; Drug usage; Family; Forcible intercourse; Friends; Hearing; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Literature; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mission; Modeling; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Outcome; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Process; Provider; Public Health; Reaction; Recording of previous events; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Social Network; Social support; Structure; Surveys; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Woman; assault; base; comorbidity; coping; drinking; experience; follow-up; high risk population; improved; informal support; innovation; life time cost; member; novel; physical conditioning; psychological symptom; recruit; response; revictimization; sexual assault; sexual victimization; social; support network; traumatic stress

Project Summary Problem drinking is rising among women and particularly prevalent in women with rape histories. PTSD is commonly associated with rape and often leads to problem drinking, particularly in women with sexual victimization histories. Social networks influence women’s risk for both problem drinking and rape recovery, with low social support being one of the biggest risk factors for PTSD. Thus, interventions are needed to improve support networks. Negative social reactions such as victim blame are commonly experienced by rape victims following disclosure and have negative mental and physical health effects. Support interventions typically focus on improving positive support, but not on reducing negative social reactions, and have yet to be developed for rape victims specifically. Thus, interventions are needed that focus on reducing negative social reactions that victims receive from their support networks. Even so, few studies of support dyads (i.e., a victim and a social network member) exist in the rape literature, so little is known about the dynamics of victims’ disclosures to support providers. The proposed study will fill this gap by examining support processes from both victims’ and support providers’ perspectives in relation to adjustment of both parties. In addition, for the first time, it will use quantitative and qualitative dyadic data to: a) test a theoretical model of support- adjustment relations, and b) examine alcohol-specific social reactions in response to disclosure of alcohol-related assaults. A sample of victim-informal supporter (family, friend, or intimate partner) dyads will be recruited from the community to complete surveys and a subset of follow-up interviews. Women 18 or older, with past-year attempted or completed rape, who disclosed the assault, will be recruited. Victims will provide contact information for informal network members, who will then be contacted by the researcher to complete surveys about hearing about and responding to the sexual assault disclosure. A subset of victim-provider matched pairs will participate in follow-up interviews regarding alcohol/drug-related assaults. The proposed study has three aims. Aim 1: Social support from informal support providers following rape disclosures will be studied, including its effects on victims’ adjustment (PTSD, depression, problem drinking/drug use). Aim 2: Perceptions of the provider’s assault-specific social support and dyad relationship quality from both victims and informal network members will be compared. Aim 3: Victims of alcohol-related rapes will be studied to determine if they are unique in terms of how support processes relate to their adjustment. Knowledge garnered from this study will lay the groundwork for development of a support intervention for rape victims and their informal support providers. Ultimately, such interventions have the potential to improve assault-specific social support (i.e., support received by victims disclosing rapes ) by (a) reducing related negative adjustment in victims; (b) reducing secondary traumatic stress for support providers; and (c) improving relationships between victims and informal support network members.

项目摘要 妇女中的饮酒问题正在增加，在有强奸历史的女性中尤其普遍。 PTSD是 通常与强奸有关，通常会导致饮酒问题，尤其是在性行为的女性中 受害历史。社交网络会影响妇女饮酒和强奸恢复问题的风险， 由于社会支持率低是PTSD的最大风险因素之一。那需要干预措施 改善支持网络。强奸通常会经历负面的社会反应，例如受害者的模糊 令人惊讶的是，我们致力于揭示并产生负面的身心健康影响。支持干预措施 通常专注于改善积极支持，但不专注于减少负面的社会反应，尚未 专门为强奸而开发。这是需要进行干预措施，以减少负面 惊奇的社会反应从他们的支持网络中得到。即便如此，很少有关于支持二元组的研究（即 受害者和社交网络成员存在于强奸文学中，因此对动态的动力知之甚少 受害者的披露以支持提供者。拟议的研究将通过检查支持来填补这一空白 从受害者和支持提供者的角度来调整双方的角度来看。在 此外，它首次将使用定量和定性二元数据来：a）测试理论 支持调整关系的模型，b）检查以响应酒精特定的社会反应 披露与酒精有关的攻击。一个受害者信息支持者的样本（家人，朋友或亲密的 合作伙伴）Dyads将从社区招募以完成调查和后续采访的一部分。 将招募18岁以上的妇女，过去一年尝试或完成的强奸案，并将披露袭击的妇女。 受害者将为非正式网络成员提供联系信息，然后将其联系 研究人员完成有关听取和应对性侵犯披露的调查。子集 对受害者的匹配对将参加有关酒精/毒品有关的袭击的后续采访。 拟议的研究有三个目标。目标1：强奸后非正式支持提供者的社会支持 披露将进行研究，包括其对滥用调整的影响（PTSD，抑郁，问题 饮酒/吸毒）。目标2：对提供者特定于攻击的社会支持和二元的看法 将比较可怕和非正式网络成员的关系质量。目标3：有趣 将研究与酒精相关的强奸，以确定它们在与支持过程之间的相关方式方面是否独特 进行调整。从这项研究中获得的知识将为开发 支持强奸恐怖问题及其非正式支持提供者的干预。最终，这种干预措施 有可能改善特定于攻击的社会支持（即，受虐待所获得的支持 强奸）通过（a）减少违规中相关的负面调整； （b）减少次要创伤应力 支持提供者； （c）改善可怕和非正式支持网络成员之间的关系。