Longitudinal Study of Social Support, PTSD and Drinking in Rape Victims

强奸受害者社会支持、创伤后应激障碍和饮酒的纵向研究

• 批准号: 8045515
• 负责人: SARAH E ULLMAN
• 金额: $ 47.31万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8045515
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohols; American; Behavioral; Communities; Crime; Data; Development; Disclosure; Event; Forcible intercourse; Funding; Glean; Grant; Hearing; Incidence; Injury; Intervention; Interview; Longitudinal Studies; Mails; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Health; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Nature; Outcome; Participant; Perception; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Prevention program; Process; Provider; Public Health; Questionnaires; Reaction; Recovery; Recruitment Activity; Research; Respondent; Risk; Risk Adjustment; Role; Sampling; Series; Services; Social Network; Social support; Source; Surveys; Symptoms; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Trauma; Universities; Victimization; Woman; alcohol involvement; assault; coping; design; drinking; experience; improved; instrument; member; novel; physical conditioning; problem drinker; prospective; psychologic; public health relevance; response; revictimization; satisfaction; sexual assault; sexual trauma; social

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Research shows that PTSD and problem drinking are common sequelae experienced by women victims of adult sexual assault, yet the role of social support in understanding these outcomes is still unclear. The proposed project builds on the PI's prior research by testing a theoretical model of relations between social support received by sexual assault victims and their post-assault adjustment, including PTSD, problem drinking, and positive adaptation, which is a novel aspect of this project. Approximately 1,832 women who (a) experienced either attempted or completed rape and (b) disclosed their experience to at least 1 informal support provider will be recruited from the local community, universities, and victim service agencies to complete a series of 4 mail surveys, distributed at 6-month intervals over the course of 2 years. We propose to investigate how women's experiences of general and assault-specific social support relate to their coping and behavioral responses and post-assault adjustment over time. Second, we propose to examine the prospective influence of women's experiences of social support on risk for sexual and nonsexual revictimization, and whether such effects are mediated by women's coping and behavioral responses and post-assault adjustment. We will also examine how revictimization influences women's subsequent coping and behavioral responses and post-assault adjustment. Further, for the first time, we will compare these processes in victims of alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related sexual assaults. Finally, qualitative data gleaned from interviews with victims and an informal support provider will yield a new understanding of how social support influences victims' post-assault adjustment and whether there are differences as a function of whether the victim is a problem drinker and whether alcohol was involved in the assault. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Sexual assault is a serious public health issue that affects approximately 25% of American women (Bachar & Koss, 2001; Russell & Bolen, 2000; Tjaden & Thoennes, 1998). This crime can result in both physical injuries and psychological symptoms, including PTSD and alcohol abuse problems (Foa & Riggs, 1993; Resick, 1993). The proposed longitudinal study will examine how victims' experiences of general and assault-specific social support relate to their coping and behavioral responses, post-assault adjustment, and risk for revictimization, as well as whether relations between these factors differ depending on whether the victim was drinking prior to being assaulted. Results of this study could be used to inform the development of specialized interventions to improve sexual assault victims' recovery, tailored specifically to victims of alcohol-related and non-alcohol- related sexual assaults, as well as prevention programs designed to reduce the incidence of revictimization.

描述（由申请人提供）：研究表明，PTSD和问题饮酒是成人性侵犯的女性受害者经历的常见后遗症，但是社会支持在理解这些结果中的作用尚不清楚。拟议的项目以PI的先前研究为基础，通过测试性侵犯受害者获得的社会支持与他们的攻击后调整之间的关系模型，包括PTSD，问题饮酒和积极适应，这是该项目的一个新方面。大约有1,832名妇女（a）经历了尝试或完成强奸的妇女，并且（b）将从当地社区，大学和受害者服务机构招募至少1个非正式支持提供者的经验，以完成一系列4个邮件调查，在2年的时间内以6个月的间隔分发。我们建议调查妇女对一般和攻击的社会支持的经历如何与她们的应对和行为反应以及随着时间的推移进行攻击后的调整有关。其次，我们建议研究妇女的社会支持经历对性和非性质复兴风险的前瞻性影响，以及这种影响是否是由妇女的应对和行为反应以及攻击后调整介导的。我们还将研究复兴如何影响妇女随后的应对和行为反应以及攻击后的调整。此外，我们将第一次将这些过程比较与酒精有关的与酒精有关的性侵犯的受害者。最后，从对受害者的访谈中收集的定性数据和非正式支持提供者将对社会支持如何影响受害者的攻击后调整以及是否存在差异作为受害者是否是问题饮酒者以及是否涉及袭击中的酒精。 公共卫生相关性：性侵犯是一个严重的公共卫生问题，影响了大约25％的美国妇女（Bachar＆Koss，2001； Russell＆Bolen，2000； Tjaden＆Thoennes，1998）。这种犯罪可能导致身体伤害和心理症状，包括PTSD和酗酒问题（Foa＆Riggs，1993； Resick，1993）。拟议的纵向研究将研究受害者对一般和攻击的社会支持的经历与他们的应对和行为反应，攻击后的调整以及重复的风险有关，以及这些因素之间的关系是否有所不同。这项研究的结果可用于告知特殊干预措施以改善性侵犯受害者的康复，专门针对与酒精有关的和非酒精相关的性侵犯的受害者量身定制，以及旨在减少重新发生的发生率的预防计划。