Population Drinking Patterns & HIV Risk in Goa, India

描述（由申请人提供）：这项能力建设研究涉及印度和美国（US）研究人员的跨学科团队之间的合作，旨在测试有关印度果阿艾滋病毒感染风险因素的假设。我们团队最近的研究，包括在印度正在进行的工作，表明大量饮酒会显着增加健康风险，包括危险的关系行为。这项研究将包括对总体酒精消费模式（不仅是平均量）及其与已知会增加艾滋病毒感染风险的危险行为（如与高风险伴侣或暴力行为）的关联的详细评估。一个密集的形成性衡量-完善阶段将包括关键的信息提供者、焦点小组和小样本的深入访谈。 衡量标准的选择将参考美国和印度的方法学工作。这些努力将加强调查和每日日记措施，并根据当地的文化情况加以调整，以在果阿使用。在此之后，将使用在印度经过验证的酒精筛查仪（AUDIT和RAPS 4），在两个社区（总共N = 2，000）的每个社区中选择500名男性和500名女性的城市和农村社区样本。这些样本，包括四分之三的女性和男性目前的饮酒者，包括危险饮酒者的样本，将完成一项详细的调查。将对选定的高危人群进行更深入的研究。具体来说，30名男性和30名女性酗酒者谁也报告危险行为将使用28天的前瞻性事件为基础的日记和定性深度访谈进行研究。这项研究的一个独特之处是采用多种方法进行三角测量，以研究饮酒和危险行为之间的关系。使用文化适应的措施，该研究调查了与饮酒模式的组成部分相关的特定风险，假设这些组成部分可以提高风险行为的可能性，例如饮酒环境和酒精相关问题。关系将被检查，同时估计和统计调整额外的变量，如个人特征，如冲动和有关关系和性别的概念，预计将在美国和印度的早期研究的基础上产生影响。该研究测试了一组易感性和气质变量，期望值，态度和饮酒模式和问题之间的各种关系的假设，风险作为因变量。风险分析将为印度艾滋病毒风险行为的流行病学提供信息，并为资源贫乏的社会规划预防干预措施提供丰富的信息来源。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This capacity-building study involves collaborations between an interdisciplinary team of Indian and United States (US) researchers, and it is designed to test hypotheses regarding risk factors for HIV infection in Goa, India. Recent research by our team, that includes ongoing work in India, suggests that heavy drinking significantly increases health risks, including risky relationship behaviors. The study will include detailed assessment of overall alcohol consumption patterns (not only average volume) and their association with risky behaviors known to increase risk for HIV infection (such as having relationships with high-risk partners or violence). An intensive formative measurement-refinement phase will include key informants, focus groups and depth interviews with small samples. Measure selection will be informed by methodological work in the US and India. These efforts will enhance survey and daily diary measures and adapt them for use in Goa to account for local cultural circumstances. Following this, established alcohol screeners validated in India (AUDIT and RAPS4) will be used to select urban and rural community samples of 500 men and 500 women in each of two communities (total N = 2,000). These samples, comprised three-fourths of both women and men current drinkers, including over samples of hazardous drinkers, will complete a detailed survey. A selected population at elevated risk will be studied in more depth. Specifically, 30 men and 30 women heavy drinkers who also report risky behaviors will be studied using 28-day prospective event-based diaries and qualitative depth interviews. A unique feature of the study is the triangulation of multiple methods to examine relationships between drinking and risk behaviors. Using culturally adapted measures, the study investigates specific risks associated with components of the drinking pattern hypothesized to elevate likelihood of risky behaviors, such as drinking contexts and alcohol-related problems. Relationships will be examined while estimating and statistically adjusting for additional variables, like personal characteristics such as impulsivity and notions about relationships and gender, expected to be influential on the basis of earlier research both in the US and in India. The study tests hypotheses about various relationships among a set of predisposing and temperament variables, expectancies, attitudes, and patterns of alcohol consumption and problems, with risks as the dependent variable. Risk analyses will inform the epidemiology of HIV risk behaviors in India and provide a rich source of information for planning preventive interventions in a resource-poor society.