Insecticide resistance in Africa Malaria mosquitoes

非洲的杀虫剂抗药性 疟疾蚊子

• 批准号: 6757065
• 负责人: MAUREEN COETZEE
• 金额: $ 5.4万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INST FOR COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6757065
• 关键词: Anopheles; Culex; disease vectors; enzyme activity; esterase; field study; fluorescence; insecticide resistance; malaria; pyrethroid; technology /technique development; unspecific monooxygenase

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The problem of malaria vector control in South Africa and southern Mozambique has recently become a serious issue. Compounding factors include the following. 1) Mozambique will not allow the use of DDT for house spraying and therefore will not achieve 100% eradication of the vector species An. funestus because of its resistance to the alternative insecticides. 2) DDT for house spraying was discontinued in South Africa because of global environmental pressure and because of objections raised by local communities to increased bed bug activity resulting from excitatory effects of DDT on the resistant bugs and to socially unacceptable residue marks on the walls of the houses. This was overcome by the introduction of pyrethroid spraying. By the end of summer 2000, South Africa had experienced its worst malaria epidemic for over 50 years and DDT was reintroduced. 3) Newly arisen resistance to DDT within populations of An. arabiensis in northern Kwazulu/Natal will likely accelerate replacement of DDT with other insecticides such as pyrethroids. As a result of the above, it is imperative that highly selective and sensitive, yet easy to use enzyme assays for pyrethroid-mediated resistance are developed. These assays are urgently needed to assess the extent of resistance in An. funestus and An. arabiensis and provide information on the most appropriate insecticidal treatment for resistance management. Research groups at the University of California at Davis have developed a series of novel reporters of enzyme-mediate resistance that have successfully been used in examining resistance in Culex mosquitoes. The overall objective of this study is to test these assays on resistant and susceptible strains of the African vectors An. funestus and An. arabiensis housed at the VCRU. We therefore propose the following specific objectives: 1. Adapt assays developed by UC Davis for the detection of enzyme-mediated pyrethroid resistance in Culex complex mosquitoes to An. funestus colonies and wild pyrethroid tolerant An. arabiensis. Evaluate novel rapid and sensitive fluorescent assays for mosquito pyrethroid selective esterase. B. Evaluate sensitive fluorescent assays for mosquito P450 mixed function oxidases. 2. Transfer these technologies to the VCRU and perform limited field trials in order to generate preliminary data that will enable the development of a full R01 application.

描述（由申请人提供）：南非和莫桑比克南部的疟疾媒介控制问题最近已成为一个严重的问题。复合因素包括以下内容。 1）莫桑比克将不允许使用DDT进行房屋喷涂，因此不会100％根除载体物种。 Funestus由于其对替代杀虫剂的抵抗力。 2）由于全球环境压力以及当地社区提出的异议，南非暂停了用于房屋喷涂的DDT，这是由于DDT对抗药性虫子的兴奋作用以及房屋墙壁上的社会不可接受的残留物而引起的臭虫活动。这是通过引入拟除虫菊酯喷涂克服的。到2000年夏末，南非经历了50多年的疟疾流行，并重新引入了DDT。 3）An的种群中对DDT的新抗性。北夸祖鲁/纳塔尔北部的阿拉伯语可能会加速DDT用其他杀虫剂（例如拟除虫菊酯）替代。上述结果，必须开发高度选择性和敏感但易于使用的酶测定拟除虫菊酯介导的抗性。迫切需要这些测定法以评估AN中的抗性程度。 Funestus和An。阿拉伯语，并提供有关抗药性管理最合适的杀虫剂治疗的信息。加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校的研究小组开发了一系列新型酶 - 中耐药性的记者，这些记者已成功地用于检查Culex蚊子中的耐药性。这项研究的总体目的是测试这些测定法对非洲载体的抗性和易感性菌株。 Funestus和An。阿拉伯人安置在Vcru。因此，我们提出以下特定目标： 1。由加州大学戴维斯（UC Davis）开发的适应测定法，用于检测Culex复合物蚊子中的酶介导的拟除虫菊酯耐药性。 Funestus殖民地和野生拟除虫菊酯耐受性an。阿拉伯。 评估新颖的快速和敏感荧光测定方法的蚊子选择性酯酶。 B.评估蚊子P450混合功能氧化酶的敏感荧光测定。 2。将这些技术转移到VCRU并执行有限的现场试验，以生成初步数据，从而能够开发完整的R01应用程序。