CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES IN FRONT, REAR AND SIDE IMPACTS

描述（改编自研究者摘要）： 颈椎是软组织损伤，由于低能量的影响， 追尾事故软组织受伤的事故受害者 在事故发生后的许多年里都有残留的疼痛。较不频繁， 但更严重的是由于正面和侧面碰撞造成的颈部受伤。的 拟议研究的总体目标是更好地了解 这些伤害。 现有的研究使用志愿者，整个尸体， 人体模型和数学模型来模拟 事件这些实验中的创伤事件是从外部研究的， 而不是在颈椎受伤的部位建议的独特性 研究在于它能够直接研究受伤部位， 外伤将新鲜尸体人颈椎标本（枕骨至T1） 利用。样本配有适当的股骨头替代品。的 在压缩弹簧的帮助下， 肌肉功能创伤是在一个特殊构造的装置中产生的 其中，样本底部（即T1椎骨）的加速度为： 模拟成类似于在真实的生活中的车祸中记录的。 拍摄X光片，并在术前测量多维不稳定性， 就在创伤发生后在创伤过程中，枕骨和T1负荷， 头部的加速度、椎间运动和 连续测量韧带和椎动脉。创伤后，CT 进行扫描和MRI，解剖标本， 对软组织和骨骼进行描述和量化。调查人员 建议研究四种创伤：头部向前和头部转向的后部撞击 正面和侧面碰撞。损伤阈值和损伤机制 低能量和中等能量的创伤将被确定。 这项研究的意义在于帮助人们更好地理解 低能量和中等能量的颈椎创伤的机制。 在预防这些损伤方面， 最佳的汽车座椅和安全设备;通过开发 对软组织损伤更敏感的放射学检查;以及， 通过更好地评估解剖损伤和多方向治疗 不稳定性

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the Investigator's abstract): Most injuries of the cervical spine are soft tissue injuries, due to low-energy impacts from rear-end collisions. The accident victims with soft tissue injuries have been known to have residual pain for many years after the accident. Less frequent, but more severe are neck injuries due to frontal and side collisions. The overall objective of the proposed research is to provide a better understanding of these injuries. The available research studies have used volunteers, whole cadavers, anthropometric dummies, and mathematical models to simulate the injury-causing events. The traumatic event in these experiments is studied from outside and not at the site of injury in the cervical spine. The uniqueness of the proposed research lies in its ability to directly study the site of injury during the trauma. Fresh cadaveric human cervical spine specimens (occiput to T1) will be utilized. The specimen is provided with an appropriate head surrogate. The specimen is stabilized with the help of compression springs simulating overall muscle function. The trauma is produced in a specially constructed apparatus where the acceleration at the base of the specimen, i.e. the T1 vertebra, is simulated to be similar to that documented in real life car crashes. Radiographs are taken, and multidimensional instability is measured before and immediately after the traumas. During the trauma, loads at occiput and T1, accelerations of the head, intervertebral motions, and deformations of the ligaments and vertebral artery are continuously measured. After the trauma, CT scan and MRI are performed, and the specimen is dissected and the injuries to the soft tissues and bones are described and quantified. The investigators propose to study four traumas: rear-impacts with head-forward and head-turned to side, and frontal and side impacts. Injury thresholds and injury mechanisms for low and moderate energy traumas will be determined. The significance of the research lies in helping provide better understanding of the mechanisms of low-and moderate energy traumas to the cervical spine. Significant advances can be made in prevention of these injuries by designing optimal automotive seats and safety equipment; in diagnosis by developing radiographic tests that are more sensitive to soft tissue injuries; and, in treatment by better assessment of the anatomic injuries and multidirectional instabilities.