CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES IN FRONT, REAR AND SIDE IMPACTS

正面、背面和侧面碰撞造成的颈椎损伤

• 批准号: 6091277
• 负责人: MANOHAR M PANJABI
• 金额: $ 37.19万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-04-04 至 2005-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6091277
• 关键词: biomechanics; cervix; computed axial tomography; computer simulation; head /neck injury; head movements; human tissue; injury prevention; magnetic resonance imaging; mathematical model; muscle function; muscle rigidity; muscle stress; muscle tension; postmortem; radiography; spine injury; trauma; vehicular accident; vertebrae

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the Investigator's abstract): Most injuries of the cervical spine are soft tissue injuries, due to low-energy impacts from rear-end collisions. The accident victims with soft tissue injuries have been known to have residual pain for many years after the accident. Less frequent, but more severe are neck injuries due to frontal and side collisions. The overall objective of the proposed research is to provide a better understanding of these injuries. The available research studies have used volunteers, whole cadavers, anthropometric dummies, and mathematical models to simulate the injury-causing events. The traumatic event in these experiments is studied from outside and not at the site of injury in the cervical spine. The uniqueness of the proposed research lies in its ability to directly study the site of injury during the trauma. Fresh cadaveric human cervical spine specimens (occiput to T1) will be utilized. The specimen is provided with an appropriate head surrogate. The specimen is stabilized with the help of compression springs simulating overall muscle function. The trauma is produced in a specially constructed apparatus where the acceleration at the base of the specimen, i.e. the T1 vertebra, is simulated to be similar to that documented in real life car crashes. Radiographs are taken, and multidimensional instability is measured before and immediately after the traumas. During the trauma, loads at occiput and T1, accelerations of the head, intervertebral motions, and deformations of the ligaments and vertebral artery are continuously measured. After the trauma, CT scan and MRI are performed, and the specimen is dissected and the injuries to the soft tissues and bones are described and quantified. The investigators propose to study four traumas: rear-impacts with head-forward and head-turned to side, and frontal and side impacts. Injury thresholds and injury mechanisms for low and moderate energy traumas will be determined. The significance of the research lies in helping provide better understanding of the mechanisms of low-and moderate energy traumas to the cervical spine. Significant advances can be made in prevention of these injuries by designing optimal automotive seats and safety equipment; in diagnosis by developing radiographic tests that are more sensitive to soft tissue injuries; and, in treatment by better assessment of the anatomic injuries and multidirectional instabilities.

描述（改编自研究者的摘要）：大多数伤害 颈椎是软组织损伤，由于低能量冲击 追尾碰撞。事故受害者软组织受伤 据了解，事故发生后多年仍有残余疼痛。频率较低， 但更严重的是正面和侧面碰撞造成的颈部损伤。这 拟议研究的总体目标是提供更好的理解 这些伤害。 现有的研究使用了志愿者、整个尸体、 人体测量假人以及模拟造成伤害的数学模型 事件。这些实验中的创伤事件是从外部研究的 不在颈椎受伤的部位。提议的独特性 研究在于它能够直接研究受伤部位 创伤。新鲜尸体人体颈椎标本（枕骨至 T1）将 被利用。该标本配有适当的头部替代品。这 借助模拟整体的压缩弹簧来稳定样本 肌肉功能。创伤是在特殊构造的装置中产生的 其中样本底部（即 T1 椎骨）的加速度为 模拟类似于现实生活中车祸中记录的情况。 拍摄射线照片，并在之前和之前测量多维不稳定性 创伤后立即。在创伤期间，枕骨和 T1 处的负载， 头部加速度、椎间运动和变形 韧带和椎动脉被连续测量。外伤后CT 进行扫描和核磁共振成像（MRI），解剖标本并确定损伤部位 软组织和骨骼被描述和量化。调查人员 建议研究四种创伤：头部向前和头部转动的后部撞击 侧面、正面和侧面碰撞。损伤阈值和损伤机制 对于低能量和中度能量创伤将被确定。 这项研究的意义在于帮助人们更好地理解 颈椎低能量和中度能量创伤的机制。 通过设计可以在预防这些伤害方面取得重大进展 最佳的汽车座椅和安全设备；通过开发诊断 对软组织损伤更敏感的放射线检查；并且，在 通过更好地评估解剖损伤和多向治疗 不稳定。