Coordinating Movement Among Muscles and Joints

协调肌肉和关节之间的运动

• 批准号: 6769320
• 负责人: GERALD L GOTTLIEB
• 金额: $ 32.42万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-06-01 至 2008-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6769320
• 关键词: arm; biomechanics; central nervous system; clinical research; elbow; electromyography; gait; hand; human subject; joints; leg; limb movement; mathematical model; model design /development; muscle function; neuroregulation; psychomotor function; statistics /biometry; wrist

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Because the motor control system is able to perform an almost limitless array of movements, it is usually blessed in a very broad sense with a surplus number of degrees of freedom when it is required to perform any single movement. Despite this fact, when evaluated quantitatively, human (and primate) voluntary movements display a considerable degree of kinematic consistency both within and across subjects. Over the last six years, we have discovered that there is often an equal or greater degree of consistency when movement is evaluated at the level of joint torques. We have postulated that kinematic consistency is a consequence of internal rules for the generation of joint torque patterns. When external constraints on performance are modest (as they are for many of our common movements), the CNS imposes an internal constraint. That constraint is to apply similar torque patterns at multiple joints so that, when plotted in a joint torque space, the torque trajectory lies close to a straight line, a "linear synergy." The necessary corollary of this is that if there are external constraints that are incompatible with linear synergy, the CNS must learn to use a more complex, nonlinear strategy. The research described here is intended clarify the circumstances under which linear synergy is present and when it is not. 1) We will examine if movements to targets that are made around intermediate, "via-point" targets, can be decomposed into two serial movements, each of which obeys linear synergy although the movement as a whole does not. 2) We will examine how the application of an external load alters linear synergy for movements of different directions. 3) We will explore linear synergy during gait to see if the imposition of swing-phase constraints reduces linear synergy. 4) We will explore the gait of patients with stroke to test the hypothesis that pathological movement deficits reflect either the inability to control the independent scaling of torques at different joints or the inability to break away from linear synergy when the task requires.

描述（由申请人提供）：由于电机控制系统能够执行几乎无限的运动阵列，因此当需要执行任何单个运动时，在非常广泛的意义上，它通常具有多余的自由度。尽管如此，当定量评估时，人类（和灵长类动物）的自主运动显示出相当程度的运动学一致性，无论是在学科内部还是跨学科。在过去的六年里，我们发现，当在关节扭矩水平上评估运动时，通常会有相等或更大程度的一致性。我们已经假设，运动学的一致性是一个后果的内部规则产生的联合扭矩模式。当对表现的外部约束是适度的（就像我们的许多常见动作一样）时，中枢神经系统会施加一个内部约束。该约束是在多个关节处应用类似的扭矩模式，使得当在关节扭矩空间中绘制时，扭矩轨迹接近于直线，即“线性协同”。“这一点的必然结果是，如果有外部约束与线性协同不相容，CNS必须学会使用更复杂的非线性策略。这里描述的研究是为了澄清的情况下，线性协同作用是存在的，当它不是。1)我们将检查，如果运动的目标是围绕中间，“通过点”的目标，可以分解成两个串行运动，其中每一个服从线性协同作用，虽然运动作为一个整体不。2)我们将研究外部载荷的应用如何改变不同方向运动的线性协同作用。3)我们将探讨步态过程中的线性协同作用，看看是否施加摆动阶段的限制，减少线性协同作用。4)我们将探讨中风患者的步态，以检验病理性运动缺陷反映无法控制不同关节扭矩的独立缩放或无法在任务需要时脱离线性协同作用的假设。