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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON A THEORY FOR VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT

随意运动理论的实验研究

基本信息

批准号：
2266812
负责人：
GERALD L GOTTLIEB
金额：
$ 12.64万
依托单位：
RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1991-05-01 至 1995-03-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2266812
关键词：
accidental falls behavior behavior prediction body movement electromyography human subject joints mathematical model model design /development muscle contraction neural information processing neuromuscular system

项目摘要

The voluntary control of movement is perhaps the most important of human skills since neither actions, nor ideas nor emotions can be expressed in its absence. Clinically significant deficits of motor control are all too common results of trauma and disease and are the source of enormous individual suffering and public as well as private expense. Our understanding of how neural mechanisms control human movements is founded in decades (or even centuries) of observation of behavior in both normal and impaired subjects. This can be thought of as an extensive but patchy record of what humans do in the course of performing motor tasks. What we are aiming for here is to better define the envelope of behaviors defined by what humans can do (rather than the subset of what they do by experimentally investigating the kinds of uniformities of behavior that are maintained across modifications of motor tasks. From observations of such uniformities or invariances, we infer rules for control of muscle contraction that are used by the motor system. We characterize sets of such rules as a strategy. Strategies are qualitative changes in the way muscle forces are developed in response to circumstances surrounding the performance of motor tasks to generate different kinds of movements. For example, we have identified two strategies for single-joint elbow movements called "speed insensitive" and "speed sensitive" which distinguish two patterns of behavior in response to changes in movement distance, load, accuracy and speed. Strategies predict kinetic, kinematic and myoelectrical aspects of behavior to provide both a succinct description as to what subjects do and prediction of what subjects should do. The development of these ideas has led us to try to fit them into general theories of voluntary movement. This leads to normative patterns which the strategies predict and we will try to apply these ideas to develop a model for studying motor learning and test an hypothesis on spontaneous falling in the elderly. The specific experiments to be performed in this study focus on extending our single joint approach to progressively more natural and unconstrained movements. Its goal is a description of behavior and a model for control of normal, everyday movement tasks.

对运动的自愿控制可能是人类的技能，因为无论是行动，还是思想或情感都无法表达在它不在的情况下。临床上显著的运动控制缺陷都是创伤和疾病的结果太常见了，是巨大的个人的痛苦和公共和私人的开支。我们对神经机制如何控制人类运动的理解是建立在几十年(甚至几个世纪)对两者行为的观察中正常和受损的受试者。这可以被认为是一个广泛的但关于人类在执行运动任务的过程中所做的事情的零星记录。我们在这里的目标是更好地定义行为的包络由人类能做什么来定义(而不是他们所做的事情的子集通过实验研究了行为的一致性在运动任务的修改过程中保持。从观察到的这些一致性或不变性，我们推导出肌肉控制的规则由马达系统使用的收缩。我们刻画了一组这样的规则作为一种战略。战略是方式上的质的变化肌肉力量是根据周围的情况而发展起来的执行运动任务，以产生不同类型的动作。例如，我们已经为单关节肘部确定了两种策略被称为“速度不敏感”和“速度敏感”的动作区分两种对运动变化作出反应的行为模式距离、负载、精度和速度。战略预测运动学，运动学和肌电方面的行为提供了一种简洁的关于受试者做什么的描述和对受试者应该做什么的预测做。这些想法的发展使我们试图将它们适应于自愿流动的一般理论。这导致了规范的模式我们将尝试将这些想法应用于开发一个研究运动学习的模型，并检验一个假设老年人自发性跌倒。本研究将进行的具体实验主要集中在将我们的单一联合方法扩展到逐渐更自然和不受约束的运动。它的目标是对行为的描述和模型用于控制正常的日常运动任务。