Monocular distance Perception of reaching and grasping

描述(申请人提供)：我们研究空间知觉和伸展能力。 动态单目和双目视觉如何产生准确和稳定的 感知物体的距离、大小和形状以指导伸展 有效吗？在被动判断研究中，扭曲现象一直存在。在……里面 在我们的研究中，参与者移动头部以产生光流，同时 查看了一个球形目标。然后，他们伸手去摸前面、左边、右边 或者球体的背面。我们发现了扭曲和不稳定。我们测试了是否 通过触摸目标进行校准可以纠正扭曲。距离是 已更正，但形状不正确。使用虚拟现实(VR)实验室，我们现在 研究使用视觉和触觉反馈来校准距离、大小 和形状感知。我们首先在虚拟环境中进行比较和确认 在实际环境中得到的结果，我们建立了泛函 调节/散光和IPD变化对VR的影响。我们使用VR来 测量，然后消除使用视差匹配，从而隔离 具有目标同时视觉的双目距离和形状感知 在伸展过程中。参赛者将用看不见的东西到达可见的目标 手。我们调查距离和形状扭曲是否反映了单一的 不断变换的伸展空间或相互独立。我们在调查 来自近物体的视觉反馈是否推广到远物体 没有和具有可见的中间支撑面。我们测试了校准 新发现的眼睛高度缩放了关于沿公寓的距离的信息 浮出水面。我们测试移除校准后错误出现的速度。vbl.使用 失真的触觉反馈，我们测试了触觉之间的耦合强度 关于距离的反馈和可视信息，同时改变 视觉信息。最后，我们测试校准是否仅限于肢体 用来获得反馈或推广到另一个肢体。两条腿能不能 同时被扭曲的触觉反馈以不同的方式校准？ 接下来，我们研究三种可能实现精确形状感知的方法。 首先，我们测试具有平面表面的对象是否允许观察者 使用轮廓不变量来获得正确的形状。第二，我们测试一个 可见的支撑面可以产生准确的形状感知，因为它引入了 广角结构和大内深结构。第三，我们测试是否 作为形状知觉的一种形式，反馈可能对倾斜知觉有效 这使得关于形状的反馈可以在一个范围内提供。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We study space perception and reaching. How might dynamic monocular and binocular vision yield accurate and stable perception of the distance, size and shape of objects to guide reaching effectively? Distortions are found consistently in passive judgment studies. In our studies, participants moved their head to generate optic flow while they viewed a spherical target. Then, they reached to touch the front, left, right or back of the sphere. We found distortions and instability. We tested whether calibration by touching a target would correct distortions. Distance was corrected, but shape was not. Using a Virtual Reality (VR) lab, we now investigate the use of visual and haptic feedback to calibrate distance, size and shape perception. We first compare and confirm in the virtual environment the results obtained in actual environments and we establish the functional effects of accommodation/vergence and IPD variations in VR. We use VR to measure and then to eliminate the use of disparity matching and thus isolate binocular distance and shape perception with concurrent vision of a target during a reach. Participants will reach to visible targets with an invisible hand. We investigate whether distance and shape distortions reflect a single continuous transformation of reach space or are independent. We investigate whether visual feedback from a near object generalizes to a far object both without and with a visible intervening support surface. We test the calibration of newly discovered eye height scaled information about distance along a flat surface. We test how quickly errors appear after calibration is removed. Using distorted haptic feedback, we test the strength of the coupling between haptic feedback and visual information about distance, while varying the strength of visual information. Finally, we test whether calibration is limited to the limb used to obtain feedback or generalizes to another limb. Can two limbs simultaneously be calibrated in different ways by distorted haptic feedback? Next, we investigate 3 ways that accurate shape perception might be achieved. First, we test whether objects with planar surfaces might allow observers to use contour invariants to achieve correct shape. Second, we test whether a visible support surface yields accurate shape perception because it introduces wide angle structure and large internal depth structure. Third, we test whether feedback might be effective for slant perception as a form of shape perception that allows feedback about shape to be provided in a single reach.