Monocular distance Perception of reaching and grasping

描述（由申请人提供）：我们研究空间感知和到达。 动态单眼和双眼视觉如何产生准确和稳定的 对物体的距离、大小和形状的感知，以引导到达 有效？在被动判断的研究中，经常会发现失真现象。在 在我们的研究中，参与者移动他们的头部以产生光流， 看到一个球形的目标。然后，他们伸手去摸前面，左边，右边 或者球体的背面。我们发现了扭曲和不稳定。我们测试是否 通过接触目标进行校准将校正失真。距离 纠正了，但形状没有。使用虚拟现实（VR）实验室，我们现在 研究使用视觉和触觉反馈来校准距离、大小 和形状感知。我们首先在虚拟环境中进行比较和确认 在实际环境中得到的结果，我们建立了功能 VR中的调节/聚散和IPD变化的影响。我们使用VR 测量，然后消除视差匹配的使用， 双目距离和形状感知与目标的同时视觉 在一个reach。参与者将以无形的方式达到可见的目标 手我们调查距离和形状失真是否反映了一个单一的 可达空间的连续变换或独立变换。我们调查 来自近处物体的视觉反馈是否推广到远处物体， 没有和具有可见的中间支撑表面。我们测试校准 新发现的眼睛高度缩放信息的距离沿着一个单位 面我们测试如何快速出现错误后，校准被删除。使用 失真的触觉反馈，我们测试的强度之间的耦合触觉 关于距离的反馈和视觉信息，同时改变 视觉信息。最后，我们测试校准是否仅限于肢体 用于获得反馈或推广到另一个肢体。两条腿 同时通过扭曲的触觉反馈以不同的方式进行校准？ 接下来，我们研究3种可能实现准确形状感知的方法。 首先，我们测试具有平面表面的物体是否允许观察者 使用轮廓不变量来获得正确的形状。第二，我们测试一个 可见的支撑表面产生准确的形状感知，因为它引入了 广角结构和大内部深度结构。第三，我们测试 反馈对于作为形状感知形式的倾斜感知可能是有效的 其允许在单个范围内提供关于形状的反馈。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We study space perception and reaching. How might dynamic monocular and binocular vision yield accurate and stable perception of the distance, size and shape of objects to guide reaching effectively? Distortions are found consistently in passive judgment studies. In our studies, participants moved their head to generate optic flow while they viewed a spherical target. Then, they reached to touch the front, left, right or back of the sphere. We found distortions and instability. We tested whether calibration by touching a target would correct distortions. Distance was corrected, but shape was not. Using a Virtual Reality (VR) lab, we now investigate the use of visual and haptic feedback to calibrate distance, size and shape perception. We first compare and confirm in the virtual environment the results obtained in actual environments and we establish the functional effects of accommodation/vergence and IPD variations in VR. We use VR to measure and then to eliminate the use of disparity matching and thus isolate binocular distance and shape perception with concurrent vision of a target during a reach. Participants will reach to visible targets with an invisible hand. We investigate whether distance and shape distortions reflect a single continuous transformation of reach space or are independent. We investigate whether visual feedback from a near object generalizes to a far object both without and with a visible intervening support surface. We test the calibration of newly discovered eye height scaled information about distance along a flat surface. We test how quickly errors appear after calibration is removed. Using distorted haptic feedback, we test the strength of the coupling between haptic feedback and visual information about distance, while varying the strength of visual information. Finally, we test whether calibration is limited to the limb used to obtain feedback or generalizes to another limb. Can two limbs simultaneously be calibrated in different ways by distorted haptic feedback? Next, we investigate 3 ways that accurate shape perception might be achieved. First, we test whether objects with planar surfaces might allow observers to use contour invariants to achieve correct shape. Second, we test whether a visible support surface yields accurate shape perception because it introduces wide angle structure and large internal depth structure. Third, we test whether feedback might be effective for slant perception as a form of shape perception that allows feedback about shape to be provided in a single reach.