Synthesis of carbon based catalysts for the sustainable upgrade of agro-waste pyrolysis products into biofuels for rural areas

合成碳基催化剂，将农业废弃物热解产品可持续升级为农村地区的生物燃料

• 批准号: 2363771
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Queen Mary University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2363771
• 关键词: Synthesis; carbon; based; catalysts; sustainable

Pyrolysis provides a facile alternative for the upgrading of agro-waste to energy vectors. One of the most promising aspects of pyrolysis, is that small scale, inexpensive systems can be designed to produce biofuels from widely available waste in rural areas. Pyrolysis is a technology as old as human kind. Charcoal making, in fact, dates back some 38 millennia ago. Thus, rudimentary rigs can still be found in rural areas in developing countries. Biofuels produced in those rigs are often of low quality, however, consistent quality of products is difficult to achieve even in more sophisticated set-ups. In fact, due to the intrinsic diverse nature of biomass, the control of thermochemical decomposition during pyrolysis is challenging. As a result, bio-oils must undergo catalytic upgrade to reach standard fuel characteristics. Moreover, significant quantities of solid carbonaceous by-products (bio-chars) result from pyrolysis. This project aims at finding new routes to bio-oil upgrade using nano-catalysts prepared from bio-chars.During the project, chars will be used as bio-templates on which selected inorganic nanoparticles are deposited for catalyst preparation during both 'off-situ' (after pyrolysis is completed) and 'in-situ' (during pyrolysis) routes. The metal deposition will be done by Chemical Vapour Deposition, dip-coating and printing techniques. Produced Catalysts will then be tested for bio-oils upgrade via catalytic esterification and decarboxylation. Lab scale pyrolysis will be carried out in a novel vertical rig installed at the School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London.

热解为将农业废物升级为能源载体提供了一种简便的替代方案。热解最有前途的方面之一是可以设计小规模、廉价的系统，利用农村地区广泛使用的废物生产生物燃料。热解是一项与人类一样古老的技术。事实上，木炭的制造可以追溯到大约 38 千年前。因此，在发展中国家的农村地区仍然可以找到简陋的钻机。这些钻机生产的生物燃料通常质量较低，然而，即使在更复杂的装置中也很难实现一致的产品质量。事实上，由于生物质固有的多样性，热解过程中热化学分解的控制具有挑战性。因此，生物油必须经过催化升级才能达到标准燃料特性。此外，热解还会产生大量的固体碳质副产品（生物炭）。该项目旨在寻找利用生物炭制备的纳米催化剂进行生物油升级的新途径。在该项目期间，炭将用作生物模板，在其上沉积选定的无机纳米颗粒，以在“非原位”（热解完成后）和“原位”（热解过程中）路线中制备催化剂。金属沉积将通过化学气相沉积、浸涂和印刷技术来完成。然后，生产的催化剂将通过催化酯化和脱羧进行生物油升级测试。实验室规模的热解将在伦敦玛丽女王大学工程与材料科学学院安装的新型垂直装置中进行。