Reducing the physiological burden of individual protective clothing with nanocellulose

1. 目前在个人防护装备（IPE）服装中使用的技术已经为军事人员提供了针对CBR战剂的高水平保护。然而，穿这种衣服的生理负担可能很高。一个主要的挑战是去除体热，这可以通过使用透气性织物来促进，因为这些织物可以让汗液产生的水蒸气从宇航服的小气候中逸出。然而，如果透气性太高，防护水平就会显著下降。因此，在不影响防护水平的情况下，促进水蒸气从宇航服中渗透出来是有意义的。受纳米纤维素的亲水性及其最近在增强非织造纤维和过滤方面的应用的启发，因此提出将纳米纤维素加入到开发一种减轻生理负担的轻质多功能IPE服装中。项目目标：微生物合成的纳米纤维素，如细菌纤维素（BC），将在这个特定的项目中使用，以生产纳米纤维素增强的IPE服装，其性能优于最先进的。主要目标是：1。开发一种廉价、简单的制造工艺，具有可与最先进的高透湿性和高排粒效率的bc增强型IPE服装；2 .研究并优化BC的控液性能，提高IPE服装的驱避性能；设计和优化含有BC的IPE服装的多层结构，使防护效率最大化。2. 研究methodology2.1。提出了用BCIt改性IPE外服纺织织物，通过在外衣层纱线上涂布BCIt来提高IPE服装的过滤效率。BC对纺织纤维的天然亲和力将允许BC在单个纺织纤维纱线水平上附着或在多个纱线之间架桥。假设BC非织造布会在织物结构内形成屏障，从而减少、过滤或消除有机分子或微粒的通过。浆料浸渍法，将织物浸入BC悬浮液中并干燥，将用于生产BC涂层纱线。浸渍时间和BC在水中悬浮液的浓度都将改变，以研究和量化所得BC涂层的面密度。这些BC涂层织物的特点是其透气性与格利密度计和过滤效率与模型微粒和明确的颗粒直径。扫描电子显微镜也可用于研究bc -纺织品纱线界面和其他性能，如颗粒过滤和接触角。2.2. 用BCIPE服装剪裁和提高IPE服装的化学吸附能力通常由活性炭负载的内衬组成，通过吸附去除潜在的有害蒸汽。然而，如何使该活性炭层的表面功能化以适应特定有害有机分子的吸附是一个挑战。相反，BC具有广泛的化学改性能力，因此有机会为特定有机分子的吸附设计定制的表面特性。例如，有人提出用（2,2,6,6-四甲基胡椒苷-1-基）氧化基（TEMPO）氧化BC，以便在BC表面引入羧基。tempo氧化的BC已被证明是亲水的，因此会吸收大量的水分，并进一步最大化身体热量的排出。

1. Introduction The current technology used in individual protective equipment (IPE) apparel has provided a high level of protection against CBR warfare agents for military personnel. However, the physiological burden of wearing such clothing can be high. One major challenge is the removal of body heat, which could be facilitated by the use of air-permeable fabrics as these allow water vapour derived from sweat to escape the microclimate of the suit. However, if the air-permeability is too high the levels of protection can fall significantly. Hence, there is an interest in promoting the permeation of water vapour out of the suits without impeding the level of protection. Inspired by the hydrophilic nature of nanocellulose and their recent applications in enhancing nonwovens fibres and filtrations, it is thus proposed to incorporate nanocellulose in developing a light and multifunctional IPE costume with reduced physiological burden. Project aims:Microbially-synthesised nanocellulose, e.g. bacterial cellulose (BC), would be employed in this particular project to produce a nanocellulose-enhanced IPE garment with resulting performance improvements over the state-of-the-art. The key objectives are:1. To develop a cheap and simple manufacturing process BC-enhanced IPE garments with high moisture permeability and high size-exclusion efficiency comparable to the state-of-the-art;2. To examine and optimise the properties of BC for liquid control, increasing the repellence of the IPE garments;3. To design and optimise the multi-layer configuration of IPE garment incorporating BC to maximised protection efficiency. 2. Research methodology2.1. Modification of textile fabric in the exterior garment of IPE with BCIt is proposed to improve the filtration efficiency of the IPE clothing by coating the yarns of the exterior garment layer with BC. The natural affinity of BC to textile fibres would allow BC to attach either at a single textile fibre yarn level or to bridge across multiple yarns. It is hypothesized that BC nonwoven would form a barrier within the fabric structure so as to reduce, to filter or to eliminate the passage of organic molecules or micro-particles. Slurry dipping method, in which fabrics will be dipped into a BC suspension and dried, will be employed to produce BC-coated yarns. Both the dipping time and the consistency of BC-in-water suspension will be varied to investigate and quantify the areal density of the resultant BC coating. These BC coated fabrics would be characterised for their air permeability with Gurley densometer and filtration efficiency with model micro-particulates and well-defined particle diameter. Scanning electron microscopy might also be conducted to study the BC-textile yarn interface and other properties such as particulate filtration and contact angles. 2.2. Tailoring and enhancing the chemisorption capability of IPE garment with BCIPE garments often consist of activated carbon loaded inner lining to remove potentially hazardous vapours through adsorption. However, it is challenging to functionalise the surface of this activated carbon layer to tailor the adsorption of specific hazardous organic molecule. On the contrary, BC possesses a broad chemical modification capacity and has thus exhibited opportunities to design bespoke surface properties for specific organic molecules adsorption. For instance, it is proposed to oxidise BC with (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxidanyl (TEMPO) in order to introduce carboxylic groups onto the BC surface. TEMPO-oxidised BC has shown to be hydrophilic and would therefore absorb significant amount of moisture and further maximise body heat removal.