Risk factors for alcohol dependence in Native Americans

描述(由申请人提供)：拟议的研究计划的目标是开始测试更完整的美洲原住民(NA)饮酒模型。该模型的第一部分采用了饮酒行为选择理论来帮助解释高平均NA饮酒量。标准人寿增强器(SLR)是个人努力争取的一套基本的有益经历或结果，如住房、经济保障、工作机会、家庭亲密度和知识。一些NAS较少接触到一些单反，其他单反因饮酒而损失较少，饮酒和获得其他单反之间的偶然性较少。因此，他们避免大量饮酒的动机较少，因此他们饮酒更多。模型的第二部分应用获得性准备理论来解释NAS之间饮酒水平的个体差异。这一模式融合了个性学习和心理社会学习。它提出，去抑制/冲动是一系列行动行为的一个普遍的远端风险因素。冲动很可能导致饮酒问题，当一个人还获得了一个近端的危险因素，即期望从饮酒中强化。整个模型既考虑了群体差异因素，也考虑了个人差异因素。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed program of research is to begin testing a more complete model of Native American (NA) drinking. The first part of the model adapts drinking behavioral choice theory to help explain high mean NA drinking levels. Standard Life Reinforcers (SLRs) are a basic set of rewarding experiences or consequences that individuals strive for, such as housing, economic security, work opportunity, family closeness, and knowledge. Some NAs experience less access to some SLRs, less loss of other SLRs from drinking, and less contingency between drinking and access to yet other SLRs. As a result, they experience fewer incentives to avoid heavy drinking, and hence they drink more heavily. The second part of the model applies acquired preparedness theory to explain individual differences in drinking levels among NAs. This model incorporates both personality and psychosocial learning. It proposes that disinhibition/impulsivity operates as a general, distal risk factor for a range of acting out behaviors. Impulsivity is likely to lead to problem drinking when one also acquires a proximal risk factor, i.e., expectancies for reinforcement from drinking. The overall model addresses both group and individual difference factors.