Contextual Risk Factors for Substance Use in Adolescent Reservation-Dwelling Amer

美洲保留地青少年吸毒的背景风险因素

基本信息

批准号：
7871878
负责人：
Nichea Solomon Spillane
金额：
$ 16.96万
依托单位：
BROWN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-06-01 至 2015-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7871878
关键词：
17 year old Achievement Address Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Development Adult Advanced Development Age Alcohol abuse Alcohol consumption Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcohols American American Indians Area Arts Award Biological Markers Caucasians Caucasoid Race Clinical Data Dependence Development Development Plans Discrimination Drops Education Employment Ensure Environment Evaluation Expectancy Family Family history of Focus Groups Gender Goals Healthcare Heavy Drinking Hostility Housing Indian reservation Individual Individual Differences Interview K-Series Research Career Programs Learning Life Link Measurement Measures Mentors Methodology Methods Minority Modeling Pathway interactions Patient Self-Report Pattern Personality Traits Phase Population Population Heterogeneity Prevention Prevention program Preventive Intervention Process Psychometrics Published Comment Qualitative Methods Qualitative Research Reporting Research Research Personnel Research Training Reservations Resources Risk Risk Factors Role Sampling Scientist Strategic Planning Structure Substance abuse problem Sum Symptoms Testing Theoretical model Training Translating Translational Research Typology Universities Writing Youth addiction adolescent substance use alcohol and other drug alcohol expectancy austin base career development community based participatory research experience health disparity high risk innovation instrument intervention program peer prevent programs public health priorities public health relevance reinforcer social substance using adolescents theories underage drinking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of the K08 Mentored Research Clinical Scientist Development Award is to expand the applicant's research capabilities to include adolescent Reservation-dwelling American Indian (RDAIs) substance use. The proposed training and research plan fit well with NIDA's strategic plan to promote research on health disparities related to substance use and to increase minority representation in substance use research. The candidate is an American Indian, and her prior research experiences have been in the area of health disparities related to alcohol use in adult RDAIs, involving quantitative methodologies. Although research shows that RDAI adolescents are at a higher risk for substance use, we know little about the reasons for this increased risk. In a group of adult RDAIs, we found that RDAIs as a group expected less of a drop in access to some basic reinforcers (access to housing, employment, etc) as a function of heavy drinking compared to middle class Caucasians. Because adults typically begin using alcohol and other drugs during adolescence, studying reinforcers for not using in adolescent RDAIs is a high public health priority. The present application proposes a structured program of mentoring, training, and supervised research to increase the candidate's capacity to conduct high-quality research blending state of the art qualitative and quantitative methodologies. This K08 will accomplish these objectives through the career development and research plans. The career development plan consists of mentored training in measurement development, adolescent development as it relates to substance use, adolescent American Indian substance use research, qualitative and advanced quantitative methods, and training in translating research findings to treatment and prevention development. The Brown University Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies provides an intellectually stimulating environment with outstanding resources to ensure the successful achievement of the candidate's training plan. The candidate has assembled a team of mentors who are each experts and nationally known for their research in areas specific to the training plan. Dr. Christopher Kahler (primary mentor) is an expert in measurement development, advanced quantitative methods, and translational research. Dr. Don Operario (co- mentor) is an expert in community based participatory research focusing on health disparities in ethnically diverse populations, and in the use and implementation of mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. Dr. Kristina Jackson (co-mentor) is an expert in adolescent development and substance use involvement. Finally, Dr. Paul Spicer (co-mentor) is an expert in American Indian research with adults and adolescents. The research plan proposes a three phase plan to test a theory of risk for substance use in adolescent RDAIs. The first phase employs qualitative methods to identify and construct a typology of factors unique to this population - i.e., the social/environmental, cultural, and developmental context - that might reinforce observed patterns of substance use. Based on these interviews, we will develop a measure of these reinforcers to be used in Phase 2. Phase 2 is a psychometric evaluation of the measure that will be developed from the qualitative interviews and focus groups conducted in Phase 1. Phase 3 is a cross-sectional test of the association between these factors and substance use involvement. The candidate will write an R01 in order to follow these individuals to investigate the role of these factors longitudinally. Results of this program of research are expected to ultimately inform the development of a theoretically based, developmentally and culturally appropriate theory to prevent the use and harms associated with substance use in this population. It is anticipated that this prevention intervention model will target important determinants of substance use, which will be characterized in this proposed K-Award and subsequent R01 submission. In sum, this award will provide the candidate the necessary expertise to develop an independent innovative research program that will generate findings that will contribute to our understanding of risk for substance use in this high risk RDAI group and inform more effective prevention and intervention programs. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Adolescent RDAIs initiate substance use at an earlier age and use more substances that non-reservation American Indian and non-American Indian youth. This project will contribute to our understanding of the risk process for substance use involvement in adolescent RDAIs, which will have value for: (a) understanding which individuals are at greatest risk for substance abuse and (b) developing effective prevention programs.

描述（由申请人提供）：K08指导研究临床科学家发展奖的长期目标是扩大申请人的研究能力，以包括青少年保留地保留的美洲印第安人（RDAIS）药物使用。拟议的培训和研究计划非常符合NIDA的战略计划，旨在促进与药物使用相关的健康差异的研究，并增加物质使用研究中的少数群体代表。候选人是美洲印第安人，她先前的研究经历一直存在于与成人RDAI相关的健康差异领域，涉及定量方法。尽管研究表明，RDAI青少年的使用风险更高，但我们对这种增加风险的原因一无所知。在一组成人RDAI中，我们发现，与中产阶级高加索人相比，RDAI作为一组群体预计会减少一些基本增强剂（获得住房，就业等）的访问权限，这是大量饮酒的函数。由于成年人通常在青春期开始使用酒精和其他药物，因此研究不使用青少年rdais的增强剂是高公共卫生的优先事项。本申请提出了一项结构化指导，培训和监督研究的计划，以提高候选人进行高质量研究的能力，融合艺术定性和定量方法。该K08将通过职业发展和研究计划实现这些目标。职业发展计划包括在测量发展中进行的指导培训，与药物使用有关的青少年发展，青少年印度药物使用研究，定性和高级定量方法以及将研究发现转化为治疗和预防开发方面的培训。布朗大学酒精与成瘾研究中心为智力刺激的环境提供了出色的资源，以确保成功实现候选人的培训计划。候选人组建了一组导师团队，这些导师是每个专家，并以其特定领域的研究而闻名。克里斯托弗·卡勒（Christopher Kahler）博士（主要导师）是测量开发，高级定量方法和转化研究的专家。 Don Operario博士（合作者）是基于社区的参与研究专家，重点是种族多样性人群的健康差异，以及使用和实施混合定性和定量方法。克里斯蒂娜·杰克逊（Kristina Jackson）博士（Co-Incertor）是青少年发展和药物使用参与方面的专家。最后，保罗·斯派塞（Paul Spicer）博士（Co-Inceror）是与成年人和青少年的美洲印第安人研究专家。该研究计划提出了三个阶段计划，以测试青少年RDAI中物质使用风险的理论。第一阶段采用定性方法来识别和构建该人群所特有的因素的类型，即社会/环境，文化和发展环境 - 可能会加强观察到的物质使用模式。基于这些访谈，我们将开发出在第2阶段中使用的这些增强剂的度量。第2阶段是对该度量的心理测量评估，该评估将从定性访谈和在第1阶段进行的焦点小组中开发出来。第3阶段是对这些因素和毒品使用参与之间关联的横截面测试。候选人将撰写R01，以跟随这些人纵向研究这些因素的作用。这项研究计划的结果有望最终为基于理论，发展和文化适当的理论的发展提供信息，以防止该人群中与药物使用相关的使用和危害。预计该预防干预模型将针对物质使用的重要决定因素，该决定因素将在此拟议的k-award和随后的R01提交中进行表征。总而言之，该奖项将为候选人提供必要的专业知识，以制定独立的创新研究计划，该计划将产生调查结果，这将有助于我们对这个高风险RDAI集团中的药物使用风险的理解，并为更有效的预防和干预计划提供信息。公共卫生相关性：青少年rdais在更早的年龄启动药物使用，并使用非保留的美国印度和非美国印度青年的物质。该项目将有助于我们理解青少年RDAI的药物使用参与的风险过程，该过程将有价值：（a）了解哪些人对药物滥用的风险最大，以及（b）制定有效的预防计划。