Sounding out the River: Seismic monitoring of bedload transport inmountain rivers

探查河流：山区河流底泥输送的地震监测

• 批准号: 2425436
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2425436
• 关键词: Sounding; out; River; Seismic; monitoring

Develop and utilise a seismic monitoring system to monitor the mobilisation and transport of bedload in mountain rivers to understand impacts on flood hazard and fluvial erosion rates. Project Background: Rivers that drain mountain catchments carry a bedload comprised of gravel, cobbles and boulders, which are exposed during low flow conditions (Fig. 1B). The erosion and re-deposition of this sediment plays an important role in the likelihood and distribution of flooding and can impact critical infrastructure such as bridges and dams, and agriculture. Measurement of the threshold flow conditions required to mobilise sediment bedload is logistically challenging, and hence relatively understudied. Research in Edinburgh has identified rivers across Scotland, and in Nepal where measurement of the critical flow conditions for bedload transport would contribute significantly to understanding flood impact. The recently developed field of environmental seismology has delivered the foundations for tackling this goal: seismic sensors can record signals due to water and material flux at safe distance and physical models allow to invert the data for hydraulic conditions and bedload flux. In this PhD you will use low cost seismic sensors, backed up by state-of-the-art benchmark seismic stations, in conjunction with stream gauge data and sediment grainsize measurements, to monitor the mobilisation of bedload in mountain rivers and consider its application in flood models. Research Questions: 1. How should we best design a low-cost seismic monitoring system to quantify the mobilisation and transport of bedload?2. What are the spatial-temporal patterns of bedload mobilisation and transport on the Feshie during winter storms and how do they relate to patterns of discharge?3. How can theoretical models of the spatial-temporal patterns of bedload mobilisation and transport be improved based on the results of your fieldwork?4. How well do the lessons learned on the River Feshie in Scotland scale to an active mountain setting in Nepal?

开发和利用地震监测系统，监测山区河流推移质的调动和输送情况，以了解对洪水灾害和河流侵蚀速度的影响。项目背景：排水山区集水区的河流携带的泥沙由砾石、鹅卵石和巨石组成，在枯水条件下裸露(图1B)。这种沉积物的侵蚀和再沉积对洪水的可能性和分布起着重要作用，并可能影响桥梁和大坝等关键基础设施以及农业。测量调动泥沙推移质所需的门槛水流条件在后勤上具有挑战性，因此研究相对较少。爱丁堡的研究已经确定了横跨苏格兰和尼泊尔的河流，在那里，测量推移质运输的临界水流条件将大大有助于了解洪水的影响。最近发展起来的环境地震学领域为实现这一目标奠定了基础：地震传感器可以记录安全距离处的水和物质流量信号，物理模型允许反演水力条件和推移质流量的数据。在这个博士学位中，你将使用低成本的地震传感器，以最先进的基准地震站为后盾，结合流量计数据和泥沙粒度测量，监测山区河流的泥沙运动，并考虑其在洪水模型中的应用。研究问题：1.我们应该如何最好地设计一个低成本的地震监测系统来量化泥沙的移动和运输？2.冬季风暴期间费希河泥沙移动和运输的时空模式是什么，它们与流量模式有什么关系？3.如何根据实地考察的结果改进泥沙移动和运输时空模式的理论模型？4.在苏格兰费希河上学到的经验教训在尼泊尔活跃的山脉环境中的应用情况如何？