Sounding out the River: Seismic monitoring of bedload transport inmountain rivers

开发和利用地震监测系统，监测山区河流中推移质的移动和运输，以了解对洪水危害和河流侵蚀率的影响。项目背景：排出山区集水区的河流携带由砾石、卵石和巨石组成的推移质，这些推移质在低流量条件下暴露出来（图1B）。这些沉积物的侵蚀和再沉积对洪水的可能性和分布起着重要作用，并可能影响桥梁和水坝等关键基础设施以及农业。起动泥沙推移质所需的临界流量条件的测量在逻辑上具有挑战性，因此相对研究不足。爱丁堡的研究已经确定了苏格兰和尼泊尔的河流，在那里测量推移质运输的临界流量条件将大大有助于了解洪水的影响。最近开发的环境地震学领域为实现这一目标奠定了基础：地震传感器可以记录安全距离处的水和物质通量信号，物理模型可以反演水力条件和推移质通量的数据。在这个博士学位中，您将使用低成本的地震传感器，由最先进的基准地震站支持，结合流量计数据和沉积物粒度测量，以监测山区河流中推移质的动员，并考虑其在洪水模型中的应用。研究问题：1。我们应该如何最好地设计一个低成本的地震监测系统，以量化的动员和运输的推移质？2.在冬季风暴期间，Feshie的推移质动员和运输的时空模式是什么？它们与排放模式有什么关系？3.如何根据您的实地考察结果改进推移质动员和运输的时空模式的理论模型？4.苏格兰费希河的经验教训如何适用于尼泊尔活跃的山区环境？

Develop and utilise a seismic monitoring system to monitor the mobilisation and transport of bedload in mountain rivers to understand impacts on flood hazard and fluvial erosion rates. Project Background: Rivers that drain mountain catchments carry a bedload comprised of gravel, cobbles and boulders, which are exposed during low flow conditions (Fig. 1B). The erosion and re-deposition of this sediment plays an important role in the likelihood and distribution of flooding and can impact critical infrastructure such as bridges and dams, and agriculture. Measurement of the threshold flow conditions required to mobilise sediment bedload is logistically challenging, and hence relatively understudied. Research in Edinburgh has identified rivers across Scotland, and in Nepal where measurement of the critical flow conditions for bedload transport would contribute significantly to understanding flood impact. The recently developed field of environmental seismology has delivered the foundations for tackling this goal: seismic sensors can record signals due to water and material flux at safe distance and physical models allow to invert the data for hydraulic conditions and bedload flux. In this PhD you will use low cost seismic sensors, backed up by state-of-the-art benchmark seismic stations, in conjunction with stream gauge data and sediment grainsize measurements, to monitor the mobilisation of bedload in mountain rivers and consider its application in flood models. Research Questions: 1. How should we best design a low-cost seismic monitoring system to quantify the mobilisation and transport of bedload?2. What are the spatial-temporal patterns of bedload mobilisation and transport on the Feshie during winter storms and how do they relate to patterns of discharge?3. How can theoretical models of the spatial-temporal patterns of bedload mobilisation and transport be improved based on the results of your fieldwork?4. How well do the lessons learned on the River Feshie in Scotland scale to an active mountain setting in Nepal?