Social Norms and Alcohol Prevention (SNAP)

描述(由申请者提供)：本研究的总体目标是测试计算机提供的个性化规范反馈在预防和减少大学生问题饮酒方面的有效性。尽管广泛使用了社会规范预防办法，但方法上的混淆妨碍了对个性化规范反馈的影响程度和持续时间的确定。此外，本研究旨在评估规范参照的性别特异性、自我决定的个体差异和饮酒原因作为干预效果的调节变量。这项研究还将确定规范性信息对从不饮酒或很少饮酒的学生的影响。大学生饮酒很大程度上是受社会因素的驱使，包括认为大量饮酒是“正常”的观念。大学生高估了同龄人的饮酒量。这种扭曲被认为会导致许多学生比其他情况下喝得更多。这也可能导致从不饮酒或很少饮酒的学生产生疏远和孤立的感觉。纠正规范误区是社会规范预防途径的目标。这项研究将在两所大学分三个阶段进行。在第一阶段，将从两个网站获得描述性饮酒规范，并将其纳入基于网络的评估和干预计划。第二阶段将在大量饮酒的学生中实施为期3年的纵向疗效试验。学生将被随机分配到个性化标准反馈的单次暴露、重复两年一次的反馈或控制组。反馈组中的学生也将被随机分配以接受特定性别或非特定性别的反馈。第三阶段将评估规范信息对从不饮酒/很少饮酒的学生的影响。学生将被随机分配接受社会规范营销信息、个性化规范反馈或仅接受评估。后续评估将在基线后3个月和6个月确定规范性信息的影响。第二阶段和第三阶段的所有评估和干预都将以互联网为基础。这项研究将填补在使用规范反馈预防和减少问题饮酒方面的重要知识空白，并将作为实施基于互联网的低成本个性化规范反馈干预措施的原型。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective of the proposed research is to test the efficacy of computer delivered personalized normative feedback in the prevention and reduction of problem drinking among college students. Despite the wide spread utilization of social norms prevention approaches, methodological confounding has prevented determination of the magnitude and duration of effect of personalized normative feedback. In addition, this research aims to evaluate gender specificity of the normative referent, individual differences in self-determination, and reasons for drinking as moderators of intervention efficacy. This research will also determine the impact of normative information on students who never or rarely drink. College student drinking is largely motivated by social factors, including the perception that heavy drinking is "normal." College students overestimate the alcohol consumption of their peers. This distortion is presumed to cause many students to drink more than they otherwise would. It may also contribute to feelings of alienation and isolation among students who never or rarely drink. Correction of normative misperceptions is the goal of social norms prevention approaches. This research will be conducted at two universities in 3 stages. In stage 1, descriptive drinking norms from both sites will be obtained and incorporated into a web based assessment and intervention program. Stage 2 will implement a 3-year longitudinal efficacy trial among heavy drinking students. Students will be randomly assigned to a single exposure of personalized normative feedback, repeated biannual exposure to feedback, or a control group. Students in the feedback groups will also be randomly assigned to receive gender specific or gender non-specific feedback. Stage 3 will evaluate the impact of normative information on never/rarely drinking students. Students will be randomly assigned to receive social norms marketing messages, personalized normative feedback, or assessment only. Follow-up assessments will determine the impact of normative information at 3-months and 6-months post baseline. All assessments and interventions in stages 2 and 3 will be Internet based. This research will fill important knowledge gaps regarding the use of normative feedback in preventing and reducing problematic drinking and will serve as a prototype for implementing low-cost internet based personalized normative feedback interventions.