Motivating Recruitment and Efficacy in Normative Feedback Interventions

描述（由申请人提供）：目前的申请旨在评估与酗酒大学生招募相关的动机因素和计算机提供的简短干预措施的有效性。与其他成年人相比，大学生酒精滥用的风险增加，开发有效的干预方法是NIAAA的当务之急。在过去的几年里，经验证据已经证明支持基于计算机的个性化规范反馈（PNF）干预，它纠正了对饮酒的规范性误解，从而减少了饮酒行为。有两个具体问题在很大程度上仍未得到解决，包括基于计算机的干预措施的有效性是否取决于它们完成的地点，以及在干预试验中平衡招募与动机偏差的最佳激励结构是什么。对几项研究结果的初步比较表明，远程PNF干预可能不如实验室PNF干预有效。然而，证据并不是结论性的，因为没有研究在同一研究中提供基于随机分配的递送方法之间的直接比较。本R21拟招募两组240名重度饮酒大学生，随机分配为2 × 2 × 2重复测量设计。参与者将被随机分配到实验室内PNF、远程PNF、实验室内注意控制或远程注意控制。参与者也将被随机分配为没有奖励（0美元）或有奖励（30美元）。评估将包括基线、干预后、3个月和6个月的随访。大学生的动机取向、激励和典型饮酒预期会缓和不同传递方式之间的差异。我们预计，获得参与干预研究奖励的学生将更有可能参与，但不太可能减少饮酒，因为他们更有可能将自己的参与归因于外部动机。此外，那些在实验室里没有任何奖励地接受基于计算机的PNF的学生，预计饮酒的减少幅度最大。相比之下，通过远程控制注意力反馈获得奖励（30美元）的学生饮酒的减少幅度最小。干预的感知价值、干预内容的保留和参与的归因有望调节实验室内与远程交付的激励效应和差异效果。这项研究预计将对基于反馈的干预策略产生理论和实践上的改进，有可能减少饮酒和相关的负面后果，理论基础更强，成本比以前更低。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current application proposes to evaluate motivational factors associated with recruitment into and efficacy of brief computer-delivered interventions for heavy drinking college students. College students are at increased risk for alcohol misuse compared to other adults, and development of efficacious intervention approaches is an urgent priority for NIAAA. Over the past several years empirical evidence has demonstrated support for computer-based personalized normative feedback (PNF) interventions which correct normative misperceptions of drinking and thereby reduce drinking behavior. Two specific questions which have remained largely unaddressed include whether the effectiveness of computer-based interventions depends on the location in which they are completed, and what is the optimal incentive structure to balance recruitment with motivational biases in intervention trials. A preliminary comparison of findings across several studies suggests that remote PNF interventions may be less effective than in-lab PNF interventions. However, the evidence is not conclusive because no study provides a direct comparison between delivery methods based on random assignment within the same study. This R21 proposes to recruit two cohorts of 240 heavy drinking college students and randomly assign them to a 2 x 2 x 2 repeated measures design. Participants will be randomly assigned to in-lab PNF, remote PNF, in-lab attention control, or remote attention control. Participants will also be randomly assigned to receive no incentive ($0) or an incentive ($30) for participation. Assessments will include baseline, post- intervention, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups. College students' motivational orientations, incentives, and typical drinking are expected to moderate differences between delivery methods. We expect that students who receive incentives for participating in intervention studies will be more likely to participate, but less likely to reduce drinking because they will be more likely to attribute their participation to extrinsic motivation. Further, students who receive computer-based PNF in the laboratory for no incentive are expected to exhibit the largest reductions in drinking. In contrast, students administered attention-control feedback remotely for an incentive ($30) is expected to exhibit the smallest reductions in drinking. Perceived value of intervention, retention of intervention content, and attribution for participation are expected to mediate incentive effects and differential efficacy of in-lab versus remote delivery. This research is expected to yield theoretical and practical improvements to feedback-based intervention strategies with potential to reduce drinking and related negative consequences with a stronger theoretical basis and at lower cost than have been previously available.