Event Specific Prevention

描述（由申请人提供）：在美国，大学生酗酒仍然是一个普遍问题。利用个性化反馈的简短动机干预一直表明，随着时间的推移，学生的平均饮酒量有所减少。然而，目前尚无实证支持的干预措施专门针对与极端风险相关的事件（例如，21岁生日和春假）。事件特定预防（ESP）范式的可用性将为预防领域做出新的重要贡献。拟议的研究旨在评估从现有的经验支持的干预措施改进的ESP干预措施，这些干预措施针对的是更广泛的全球饮酒。本研究将分三个阶段进行。在第一阶段（第一年），将获得与21岁生日庆祝和春假相关的校园特定消费患病率和后果，并将其纳入干预措施，以便在第二和第三阶段进行评估。第二阶段（1-3年）将实施以21岁生日饮酒为重点的疗效试验。在他们21岁生日前两周进行基线评估后，学生将被随机分配到特定事件的基于网络的个性化反馈、特定事件的面对面简短动机反馈干预、非特定的面对面简短动机反馈干预或仅评估对照组。事件特定反馈组的学生也将被随机分配到朋友干预组或没有朋友干预组。在朋友干预条件下，学生将提名两位朋友帮助他们度过一个安全愉快的生日。朋友们将收到一个简短的网络干预，提供工具，帮助他们协助监礼人在活动期间减少与酒精相关的负面后果的风险。干预后立即和21岁生日后的评估将确定干预效果，在3个月、6个月、9个月和1年的评估将确定干预的普遍性和长期效果。第三阶段（2-5年级）将采用与第二阶段平行的设计，但将特别关注春假饮酒。总之，本研究将评估ESP干预对两个事件的影响，这两个事件目前尚无经验支持的干预措施。本研究有可能为大学生酗酒问题建立一种新的预防模式。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Heavy drinking among college students continues to be an epidemic problem throughout the United States. Brief motivational interventions utilizing personalized feedback have consistently demonstrated reductions in the average number of drinks students consume over time. However, no empirically supported interventions are currently available which specifically target events associated with extreme risk (e.g., 21st birthdays and Spring Break). The availability of an Event-Specific Prevention (ESP) paradigm would represent a novel and important contribution to the prevention field. The proposed research is designed to evaluate ESP interventions modified from existing empirically supported interventions which target drinking more globally. This research will be conducted in 3 stages. In stage 1 (year 1), campus specific prevalence rates of consumption and consequences associated with 21st birthday celebrations and Spring Break will be obtained and incorporated into interventions to be evaluated in stages 2 and 3. Stage 2 (years 1-3) will implement an efficacy trial focused on 21st birthday drinking. Following a baseline assessment two weeks prior to their 21st birthday, students will be randomly assigned to receive event specific web-based personalized feedback, an in-person event specific brief motivational feedback intervention, an in-person non-specific brief motivational feedback intervention or an assessment only control group. Students in the event-specific feedback groups will also be randomly assigned to a friend intervention or no friend intervention condition. Students in the friend intervention conditions will nominate two friends to help them have a safe and enjoyable birthday. Friends will receive a brief web-based intervention providing tools to help them assist the celebrant in reducing the risk of negative alcohol related consequences during the event. Assessments immediately post-intervention and after the 21st birthday will establish intervention efficacy, and assessments at 3, 6, and 9 months and 1 year will establish generalizability and long term intervention effects. Stage 3 (years 2-5) will utilize a design parallel to stage 2 but will focus specifically on Spring Break drinking. In sum, this research will evaluate ESP interventions for two events for which empirically supported interventions are currently unavailable. This research has the potential to establish a new prevention paradigm for problem drinking among college students.