Event Specific Prevention

描述(由申请者提供)：大学生酗酒仍然是全美的一个流行病问题。利用个性化反馈的简短激励干预一直表明，随着时间的推移，学生的平均饮酒量有所减少。然而，目前还没有经验支持的干预措施专门针对与极端风险相关的事件(例如21岁生日和春假)。特定事件预防(ESP)范例的可获得性将是对预防领域的新的和重要的贡献。这项拟议的研究旨在评估从现有的有经验支持的干预措施修改而来的ESP干预措施，这些干预措施更多地针对全球饮酒。本研究将分三个阶段进行。在第一阶段(第一年)，将获得校园特定的消费流行率以及与21岁生日庆祝活动和春假相关的后果，并将其纳入干预措施，以在第二阶段和第三阶段进行评估。第二阶段(第一年-第三年)将实施以21岁生日饮酒为重点的疗效试验。在21岁生日前两周的基线评估之后，学生将被随机分配到接受基于事件的个性化反馈、面对面的事件特定的简短激励反馈干预、面对面的非特定的简短激励反馈干预或仅限评估的对照组。特定事件反馈组的学生也将被随机分配到朋友干预或没有朋友干预的条件下。在朋友干预条件下，学生将提名两位朋友，帮助他们度过一个安全愉快的生日。朋友们将接受一次简短的基于网络的干预，提供工具帮助他们在活动期间帮助庆祝者降低与酒精相关的负面后果的风险。干预后即刻和21岁以后的评估将确定干预效果，3、6、9个月和1年的评估将确定概括性和长期干预效果。第三阶段(2-5年)将采用与第二阶段平行的设计，但将专门专注于春假饮酒。总而言之，这项研究将评估两个事件的ESP干预措施，这两个事件目前无法获得经验支持的干预措施。本研究有可能为大学生问题饮酒建立一种新的预防范式。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Heavy drinking among college students continues to be an epidemic problem throughout the United States. Brief motivational interventions utilizing personalized feedback have consistently demonstrated reductions in the average number of drinks students consume over time. However, no empirically supported interventions are currently available which specifically target events associated with extreme risk (e.g., 21st birthdays and Spring Break). The availability of an Event-Specific Prevention (ESP) paradigm would represent a novel and important contribution to the prevention field. The proposed research is designed to evaluate ESP interventions modified from existing empirically supported interventions which target drinking more globally. This research will be conducted in 3 stages. In stage 1 (year 1), campus specific prevalence rates of consumption and consequences associated with 21st birthday celebrations and Spring Break will be obtained and incorporated into interventions to be evaluated in stages 2 and 3. Stage 2 (years 1-3) will implement an efficacy trial focused on 21st birthday drinking. Following a baseline assessment two weeks prior to their 21st birthday, students will be randomly assigned to receive event specific web-based personalized feedback, an in-person event specific brief motivational feedback intervention, an in-person non-specific brief motivational feedback intervention or an assessment only control group. Students in the event-specific feedback groups will also be randomly assigned to a friend intervention or no friend intervention condition. Students in the friend intervention conditions will nominate two friends to help them have a safe and enjoyable birthday. Friends will receive a brief web-based intervention providing tools to help them assist the celebrant in reducing the risk of negative alcohol related consequences during the event. Assessments immediately post-intervention and after the 21st birthday will establish intervention efficacy, and assessments at 3, 6, and 9 months and 1 year will establish generalizability and long term intervention effects. Stage 3 (years 2-5) will utilize a design parallel to stage 2 but will focus specifically on Spring Break drinking. In sum, this research will evaluate ESP interventions for two events for which empirically supported interventions are currently unavailable. This research has the potential to establish a new prevention paradigm for problem drinking among college students.