Cognitive-Emotional Integration in Adulthood and Aging

这项纵向-序贯研究继续检验贯穿整个成人一生的情感-认知关系的动态整合原则，并通过将相对宏观的、心理测量学/人格学的证据与更微观的和面向过程的分析相结合来进一步阐述这一原则。最优情绪调节不是将情绪调节的成功定义为积极情绪的最大化和消极情绪的最小化或情绪最优化，而是将情绪最佳化和情感最佳化的动态协调 认知-情感复杂性，或对情绪相关问题的复杂和客观描述的关注。当加工资源受到限制时，可能会偏离这种动态整合，这既是由于与年龄有关的规范性认知变化，也是由于社会情绪限制，如糟糕的监管风格。在这种限制下，个人将选择其中一种模式，而不是另一种模式，导致监管较少 行为。 在这项研究的第一阶段，共有337名年龄在20岁至98岁之间的欧洲裔美国人和非裔美国人将接受一系列与情感、认知、社会背景、幸福感和健康相关的测量。这一阶段扩展了核心纵向研究，并在相对宏观的分析水平上审查了这些模式的发展历程、它们随时间的稳定性以及它们的前因性和适应性结果。阶段2和阶段3为阶段1增加了对个人如何组织关于以下内容的陈述的更微观的分析和实验检查 自我和他人，以及这些表征如何受到威胁情绪的影响。在第三阶段，最后，将从总人口中选择120人参与一项经验抽样研究，检查在相对较短的一周时间间隔内情绪的变异性和协变性。使用多组分层线性建模的第一阶段纵向分析将侧重于分析监管模式的变化模式，以及确定个体变化差异的来源。对于第2和第3部分， 从这些分析得出的参数将与从更微观的过程研究和日常情感经验采样中收集的关于具体机制的证据相结合。总体而言，这项研究将对研究情绪调节与心理和生理衰老模式之间的联系，以及识别导致个体衰老速度差异的社会和心理机制做出重大贡献。

This longitudinal-sequential study continues to examine the principle of dynamic integration that underlies affect-cognition relations throughout the adult life span and further elaborates it by interfacing relatively macrolevel, psychometric/personological evidence with more micro-level and process-oriented analyses. Rather than defining success in emotion regulation as the maximization of positive and minimization of negative affect, or affect optimization, optimal regulation is characterized as a dynamic coordination of affect optimization with cognitive-affective complexity, or a concern with a complex and objective description of emotion-relevant issues. Deviations from such dynamic integration can occur when processing resources are restricted either as a result of normative cognitive changes related to age, or of socio-emotional restrictions such a poor regulation styles. Under such restrictions, individuals will opt for one of the modes to the exclusion of the other, resulting in less well-regulated behavior. A total of 337 European Americans and African Americans aged 20 to 98 will undergo an extensive battery of measures related to affect, cognition, social context, well-being, and health in Phase 1 of the study. This Phase extends the core longitudinal study and examines the developmental course of the modes, their stability over time, and their antecedents and adaptive outcomes on a relatively macro-analytical level. Phase 2 and 3 add to Phase 1 a more micro-analytical and experimental examination of how individuals organize representations about self and other, and how these representations are affected by exposure to threatening emotions. In Phase 3, finally, 120 individuals from the total population will be selected to participate in an experience sampling study examining variability and covariation of emotions across a relatively short time interval of 1 week. Phase 1 longitudinal analyses using multi-group hierarchical linear modeling will focus on analyzing patterns of change in the regulation modes as well as identifying sources of individual differences in change. For Parts 2 and 3, parameters derived from these analyses will be interfaced with evidence about specific mechanisms gleaned from more micro-level process study and sampling of daily affective experience. Overall, this study will make a significant contribution towards examining linkages between emotion regulation and patterns of psychological and physical aging, as well as identifying social and psychological mechanisms that are involved in individual differences in rates of aging.