Earth-rights and environmental rights in the global governance: a study of the conflicting relationship over land tenure in the Southern Gobi

蒙古国南戈壁地区正经历经济转型过程，主要由外资拥有的奥尤陶勒盖矿以及旨在将该地区融入全球市场经济的基础设施和发展项目的存在带来了经济转型。将地方理解为全球联系的节点，基于地方的过程在许多层面上与不断变化的资本和文化动态进行对话。游牧习俗、国家行为者、非政府组织和跨国公司在同一空间中交叉;然而，对社会、政治和人类构成的不同理解的相遇带来了模棱两可的联系。通过阐述获得资源和土地的机会，Iris打算探讨在不同行为者之间和牧民之间产生的冲突关系，即一方面将环境视为商品，另一方面将其视为重塑牧民集体身份的手段。原始积累、剥夺和破坏环境不仅有助于将“农村”经济同化为以市场为导向的经济，而且随着景观的物理颠覆，通过认知控制和社会调节建立了理性发展的模式。当地方政治声音被霸权话语所取代时，这个项目有助于在全球治理中创造替代形式的政治思维。

The region of Southern Gobi in Mongolia is undergoing a process of economic transformation brought about by the presence of the largely foreign-owned Oyu Tolgoi mine and infrastructural and development projects that intend to integrate the area into the global market economy. Understanding locality as a node of global connections, place-based processes enter into conversation with the ever-changing dynamics of capital and culture at many levels. Nomadic practices, state actors, NGOs and transnational corporations intersect in the same space; however, the encounter across different understandings of what constitutes the social, the political and the human entails equivocal connections. By elaborating on the access to resources and land, Iris intends to explore the conflictual relationship that arises- among the different actors and among herders themselves-between an environment perceived, on the one hand, as a commodity and, on the other hand, as a means to reshape herders' collective identity. Primitive accumulation, dispossession and the destructionof an environment do not only contribute to the assimilation of the "rural" economy into a market-oriented one but as the landscape is physically overturned, a model of rational development is installed through cognitive control and social regulation. As the local political voice is being overridden by hegemonic discourses, this project contributes to the needto create alternative forms of political thinking in the global governance.