Sleep-Wake Regulation and Emotion in Early Childhood

描述（由申请人提供）：该导师研究科学家奖（K01）将使候选人成为一名独立的科学家，专注于儿童早期（2-5岁）生物调节睡眠-觉醒过程的成熟变化及其与情绪调节发展的关系。职业目标是了解睡眠在情绪调节中的作用，并将基本的生物调节过程研究应用于预防早睡和情绪问题的干预措施的发展。短期研究目标是研究幼儿体内平衡和昼夜节律过程的年龄相关差异以及睡眠（午睡）限制对情绪调节的影响。这项以2岁和5岁儿童（N=36）为研究对象的为期16天的横断家庭研究评估了(a)与年龄相关的稳态睡眠压力积累差异（在5个不同的天中，分别在4、7、10、13和17小时后小睡时的长时间清醒与脑电图慢波活动之间的关系）、昼夜节律阶段（唾液褪黑素开始）和相位角（昼夜节律阶段和清醒时间之间的间隔）；(b)限制午睡对情绪调节的影响（生理和行为测量）。候选人将与年轻人类睡眠-觉醒调节专家Mary Carskadon博士以及具有光谱分析/数学建模（Peter Achermann博士）和情绪调节（Ronald Seifer博士）专业知识的共同导师一起完成严格的训练。培训目标是发展对睡眠、昼夜节律和情绪背后的生物调节和发育领域的更广泛理解；获得睡眠-觉醒评分、脑电图频谱分析和昼夜节律数据分析方面的专业知识；获得管理、编码和分析情绪调节措施数据的培训；增加对纵向数据分析技术的理解。通过此次培训，将为今后在与情绪调节发展相关的生物调节睡眠-觉醒过程中成熟变化的纵向研究做好准备。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Mentored Research Scientist Award (K01) will enable the candidate to become an independent scientist focusing on maturational changes in bioregulatory sleep-wake processes and their relationship to the development of emotion regulation in early childhood (2-5 years). Career goals are to understand the role of sleep in emotion regulation and to apply basic bioregulatory processes research toward the development of interventions for the prevention of early sleep and emotional problems. Short-term research goals are to examine age-related differences in homeostatic and circadian processes and the effects of sleep (nap) restriction on emotion regulation in young children. The proposed 16-day cross-sectional home-based study with 2- and 5-year-olds (N=36) assesses (a) age-related differences in the accumulation of homeostatic sleep pressure (relationship between extended wakefulness and EEC slow-wave activity in naps taken after 4, 7, 10, 13, and 17 hours on five separate days), circadian phase (salivary melatonin onset), and phase angle (interval between circadian phase and wake time), and (b) the effects of nap restriction on emotion regulation (physiological and behavioral measures). The candidate will complete rigorous training with Mary Carskadon, Ph.D., an expert in sleep-wake regulation in young humans, and co-mentors with expertise in spectral analysis/mathematical modeling (Peter Achermann, Ph.D.) and emotion regulation (Ronald Seifer, Ph.D). Training goals are to develop a broader understanding of bioregulatory and developmental domains underlying sleep, circadian rhythms, and emotion; gain expertise in sleep-wake scoring, EEG spectral analysis, arid analysis of circadian rhythms data; acquire training in administering, coding, and analyzing data from emotion regulation measures; and increase understanding of longitudinal data analytic techniques. With this training, the candidate will be prepared for future longitudinal work on maturation changes in bioregulatory sleep-wake process in association with the development of emotion regulation.