Sleep and Emotion Regulation across Early Childhood

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的重点是儿童早期（2-5岁）睡眠和情绪过程的共同发展和共同调节。本研究的具体目的是（1）检查睡眠稳态的早期发展进程（即，积累和消散）;（2）检查昼夜节律过程中的早期发育变化（即，相位、振幅、夹带的相位角）;以及（3）确定急性睡眠限制对情绪调节的生理和行为测量的影响。鉴于早期情绪/行为问题的流行率（7%-24%）及其稳定性，确定可能改变精神疾病途径的因素至关重要。睡眠-觉醒调节就是这样一个因素。健康、正常发育的幼儿（n=40;年龄2-5岁）将参加四次每年一次的为期30天的睡眠稳态、昼夜节律和情绪调节的家庭评估。目的1解决睡眠稳态的积累（建立）和消散（衰减）的发展变化。孩子们在严格的睡眠时间表下进行研究。在五个非连续的日子里，多导睡眠图睡眠记录的时间根据先前的觉醒而变化。慢波活动范围（0.75Hz-4.5Hz）中的EEG谱功率在延长的觉醒4小时、7小时、10小时、13小时和16小时后的NREM睡眠中计算。在每次记录的第一个NREM睡眠事件中通过SWA估计累积参数（时间常数、上渐近线）。耗散被测量为在整夜记录（13小时和16小时延长觉醒）中NREM睡眠发作期间SWA的时间过程。目的2解决昼夜节律措施的发育变化，包括昼夜节律相位[唾液昏暗光褪黑激素发作（DLMO）]，尿褪黑激素振幅，和相位角夹带（DLMO-就寝时间和DLMO-唤醒时间间隔）。第三个目标是解决结构化和非结构化的家庭环境中的睡眠限制对情绪调节的影响。假设睡眠限制将（a）增加负反应性;（B）减少正反应性;（c）减少注意力、抑制控制和适应性调节策略的使用;以及（d）提高对情绪诱发刺激/情况的生理反应（呼吸性窦性心律不齐、皮质醇反应性

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research focuses on the co-development and co-regulation of the sleep and emotion processes during early childhood (ages 2-5 years). The specific aims of this research are (1) to examine the early developmental progression of sleep homeostasis (i.e., accumulation and dissipation); (2) to examine early developmental changes in the circadian process (i.e., phase, amplitude, phase angle of entrainment); and (3) to determine the impact of acute sleep restriction on physiological and behavioral measures of emotion regulation. Given the prevalence of early emotional/behavioral problems (7%-24%) and their stability, identifying factors that may alter pathways to mental illness is critical. Sleep-wake regulation is one such factor. Healthy, normally developing young children (n=40; ages 2-5 years) will participate in four annual 30-day in-home assessments of sleep homeostasis, circadian rhythms, and emotion regulation. Aim 1 addresses developmental changes in the accumulation (build up) and dissipation (decay) of sleep homeostasis. Children are studied while following a strict sleep wake schedule. On five non-consecutive days, the timing of polysomnographic sleep recordings varies as a function of prior wakefulness. EEG spectral power in the slow- wave activity range (.75Hz-4.5Hz) is computed in NREM sleep after 4hrs, 7hrs, 10hrs, 13hrs, and 16hrs of extended wakefulness. Accumulation parameters (time constant, upper asymptote) are estimated by SWA in the first NREM sleep episode of each recording. Dissipation is measured as the time course of SWA during NREM sleep episodes in all-night recordings (13hrs and 16hrs extended wakefulness). Aim 2 addresses developmental changes in circadian measures, including circadian phase [salivary dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO)], urinary melatonin amplitude, and phase angle of entrainment (DLMO-to-bedtime and DLMO-to-wake time intervals). The third aim addresses the effects of sleep restriction on emotion regulation in structured and unstructured home-based contexts. It is hypothesized that sleep restriction will (a) increases negative responsivity; (b) decrease positive responsivity; (c) decrease attention, inhibitory control, and use of adaptive regulation strategies; and (d) heighten physiological responses (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, cortisol reactivity) to emotionally eliciting stimuli/situations