Control of Workplace Diesel Exhaust Particulate

描述(申请人提供)：数千名消防员、铁路工人、公共汽车司机、卡车司机、机械师、建筑和隧道工人、煤炭和金属/非金属矿工以及其他工人暴露在柴油发动机废气中。柴油机废气中含有颗粒物和有毒气体，如甲醛、二氧化氮和一氧化碳。柴油机排气颗粒物(DEP)由黑碳核和多环芳烃(PAHs)、硝基多环芳烃(PAHs)等表面吸附化合物组成。柴油废气已被归类为疑似人类致癌物质，接触柴油废气与肺癌和其他癌症有关。该项目的具体目标是通过开发和测试实用技术来控制工作场所机械排放的二恶英，从而降低工人患肺癌和其他癌症的风险。电除尘器(ESP)被用于控制发电厂和工业设施的空气排放已有近一个世纪的历史。电除尘器技术尚未成功实现小型化，无法控制柴油动力机械的排放。目前可用于柴油机尾气处理的最先进技术--机械过滤器--不太可能对许多工作场所的柴油车有效。该项目直接与NORA“控制技术和个人防护装备”优先领域相关，有四个具体目标：(1)建造一个电气测试单元来调查和确定微型电除尘器的电压/电流特性，(2)建立一个用于调查小型柴油发动机排放的设施，(3)建造和测试一个用于控制柴油发电机颗粒物排放的微型静电除尘器(mini-ESP)，(4)利用测试结果开发和发布未来柴油颗粒电除尘器的设计模型。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Thousands of firefighters, railroad workers, bus drivers, truck drivers, mechanics, construction and tunnel workers, coal and metal/non-metal miners, and other workers are exposed to diesel engine exhaust. Diesel engine exhaust contains particulate matter and toxic gases such as formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) consists of a black carbon core and adsorbed surface compounds like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs. Diesel exhaust has been classified as a suspected human carcinogen and exposure has been linked to lung and other cancers. The specific aim of this project is to reduce the risk of lung cancer and other cancers in workers by developing and testing practical technology to control DEP emissions from workplace machinery. Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) have been used for nearly a century to control air emissions from power plants and industrial facilities. ESP technology has not been successfully miniaturized to control emissions from diesel-powered machinery. The state-of-the-art technology presently available for diesel exhaust after treatment, the mechanical filter, is unlikely to be effective on many workplace diesels. This project is directly related to NORA priority area of "Control Technology and Personal Protective Equipment" and has four specific objectives: (1) Construct an electrical test cell to investigate and establish the voltage/current properties of miniature electrostatic precipitators, (2) Build a facility for investigating small diesel engine emissions, (3) Construct and test a miniature electrostatic precipitator (the mini-ESP) to control particulate emissions from a diesel electric generator, (4) Use the test results to develop and publish a model for the design of future diesel particulate electrostatic precipitators.