Control of Workplace Diesel Exhaust Particulate

描述（由申请人提供）：数千名消防员，铁路工人，公共汽车司机，卡车司机，机械师，建筑和隧道工人，煤炭和金属/非金属矿工以及其他工人暴露于柴油发动机废气。柴油发动机排气含有颗粒物和有毒气体，如甲醛、二氧化氮和一氧化碳。柴油机排气颗粒物（DEP）由黑碳核和表面吸附的多环芳烃（PAHs）和硝基多环芳烃组成。柴油机废气已被列为疑似人类致癌物，接触柴油机废气与肺癌和其他癌症有关。该项目的具体目标是通过开发和测试控制工作场所机械DEP排放的实用技术，降低工人患肺癌和其他癌症的风险。 静电除尘器（ESP）已经被用于控制来自发电厂和工业设施的空气排放近世纪。ESP技术尚未成功地小型化以控制柴油动力机械的排放。目前可用于柴油机排气后处理的最先进技术，即机械过滤器，不太可能对许多工作场所的柴油机有效。该项目与诺拉的“控制技术和个人防护设备”优先领域直接相关，有四个具体目标：（1）建造一个电气试验室，以研究和确定微型静电除尘器的电压/电流特性，（2）建造一个研究小型柴油机排放的设施，（3）构造并测试微型静电除尘器（mini-ESP）以控制柴油发电机的颗粒排放。（4）利用测试结果开发并发布用于未来柴油机颗粒静电除尘器设计的模型。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Thousands of firefighters, railroad workers, bus drivers, truck drivers, mechanics, construction and tunnel workers, coal and metal/non-metal miners, and other workers are exposed to diesel engine exhaust. Diesel engine exhaust contains particulate matter and toxic gases such as formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) consists of a black carbon core and adsorbed surface compounds like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs. Diesel exhaust has been classified as a suspected human carcinogen and exposure has been linked to lung and other cancers. The specific aim of this project is to reduce the risk of lung cancer and other cancers in workers by developing and testing practical technology to control DEP emissions from workplace machinery. Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) have been used for nearly a century to control air emissions from power plants and industrial facilities. ESP technology has not been successfully miniaturized to control emissions from diesel-powered machinery. The state-of-the-art technology presently available for diesel exhaust after treatment, the mechanical filter, is unlikely to be effective on many workplace diesels. This project is directly related to NORA priority area of "Control Technology and Personal Protective Equipment" and has four specific objectives: (1) Construct an electrical test cell to investigate and establish the voltage/current properties of miniature electrostatic precipitators, (2) Build a facility for investigating small diesel engine emissions, (3) Construct and test a miniature electrostatic precipitator (the mini-ESP) to control particulate emissions from a diesel electric generator, (4) Use the test results to develop and publish a model for the design of future diesel particulate electrostatic precipitators.