DRUGS, ALCOHOL AND DRIVING: PREVALENCE AND CRASH RISK

毒品、酒精和驾驶：患病率和车祸风险

• 批准号: 6641314
• 负责人: M W PERRINE
• 金额: $ 45.09万
• 依托单位: ADDICTION RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-20 至 2004-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6641314
• 关键词: accident proneness; alcoholic beverage consumption; behavioral /social science research tag; blood tests; clinical research; disease /disorder model; disease /disorder proneness /risk; driving while intoxicated; drug /agent; drug detection; drug interactions; gas chromatography mass spectrometry; human subject; injury prevention; model design /development; public health; saliva; statistics /biometry; substance abuse epidemiology; substance abuse related behavior; vehicular accident

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): The role of illicit and medicinal drugs in motor vehicle crashes is widely assumed to be substantial, but no study has yet determined even the prevalence of the major psychoactive drugs among the general driving population. Thus, it has not been possible to assess their relative risk of becoming involved in crashes in which drugs played a part. The proposed project (Phase 1) is designed to address these gaps by (1) determining the prevalence and quantity of such drugs in the crash-injured driving population, sampled at hospitals and medical examiner facilities, and (2) estimating the relative risk of crashing by obtaining data on the prevalence and quantity of drugs among drug-positive vs. drug-negative crash-involved drivers. Blood samples will provide the basis for determining drug and alcohol quantities among the seriously and fatally injured drivers. The proposed project site is San Diego County, where saliva samples will be collected from injured drivers to determine both the presence and quantity of selected drugs. To assess the validity and sensitivity of the saliva assays, they will be compared to the blood assays, within each driver. Based on encouraging results of our blood/ saliva validity studies using gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, the proposed research presents a promising opportunity to determine the validity of saliva assays under field conditions with a large sample of injured drivers. The San Diego area is nearly ideal for such a study in terms of its drug problems and the civic energy engaged in addressing them. The site also offers availability of and access to subjects. Given high concordance between saliva and blood assays among these hospitalized drivers, saliva methods can then be used alone to determine drug presence and quantity among an exposure sample from the at-risk population of drivers, using roadside surveys in a second, subsequent field study (Phase 2). The major specific aims of this proposal (Phase 1) consist of determining: (1) differences in prevalence, type, and quantity of drugs and alcohol among the different categories of drivers; (2) relative risk functions for the major drugs and alcohol found among the drivers in Phase 1 versus Phase 2; (3) assessment of driver responsibility regarding relative risk, accident severity, and type and quantity of drugs and alcohol; (4) relation between accident severity and the presence, type, and quantity of drug and/or alcohol; (5) relation between the general effect of the drug found and the type of accident; and (6) utility of models of substance use and abuse for predicting type of consequences of accident, and dangerous driving. Following Phase 2, mid-term objectives (Phase 3) involve developing a prevention/intervention project focused on drugs, drinking, and driving. Long-term objectives include providing the critical information necessary for developing effective public awareness and educational prevention/intervention programs targeting high-risk individuals and groups, as well as high-risk drugs and substance combinations.

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)：非法和非法移民的作用 人们普遍认为机动车撞车事故中的药物是大量的， 但还没有研究确定主要精神活性物质的患病率 毒品在普通驾驶人群中的分布。因此，不可能 评估他们卷入事故的相对风险，在这些事故中 扮演了一个角色。拟议的项目(第一阶段)旨在弥补这些差距 通过(1)确定此类药物在中国的流行率和数量 在医院和法医那里抽样的撞车受伤驾驶人口 设施，以及(2)通过获取数据来估计坠毁的相对风险 药检阳性与阴性人群的吸毒情况及数量分析 涉及车祸的司机。血液样本将为确定 重伤和致命伤司机中的毒品和酒精含量。 拟议的项目地点是圣地亚哥县，那里的唾液样本将 从受伤司机身上收集，以确定是否存在和数量 精选药物。为了评估唾液化验的有效性和敏感性， 他们将与每个司机体内的血液分析进行比较。基于 使用GAS进行血液/唾液有效性研究的令人鼓舞的结果 层析/串联质谱学，拟议的研究提出了 大有可为的机会来确定现场唾液分析的有效性 在大量受伤司机样本的情况下。圣地亚哥地区几乎 就毒品问题和公民能量而言，是此类研究的理想选择 致力于解决这些问题。该网站还提供对以下内容的访问 研究对象。考虑到唾液和血液检测之间的高度一致性 住院的司机，唾液方法可以单独使用来确定药物 高危人群暴露样本的存在和数量 司机，在第二次，随后的实地研究中使用路边调查(第二阶段)。 本提案(第一阶段)的主要具体目标包括：(1) 毒品和酒精的流行率、类型和数量在不同人群中的差异 不同类别的驱动因素；(2)主要驱动因素的相对风险函数 在第一阶段与第二阶段司机中发现毒品和酒精；(3) 对驾驶员责任的相对风险、事故严重性、 以及毒品和酒精的种类和数量；(4)事故与 (5)严重程度以及毒品和/或酒精的存在、类型和数量； 发现的药物的一般效果与事故类型的关系； 以及(6)药物使用和滥用模型对预测药物类型的效用 事故和危险驾驶的后果。在第二阶段中期考试之后 目标(阶段3)涉及制定预防/干预项目 重点关注毒品、酗酒和驾车。长期目标包括提供 培养有效公众意识所需的关键信息 以及针对高危人群的教育预防/干预计划 个人和团体，以及高风险药物和物质组合。