DAILY SELF REPORTED DRINKING--LONGITUDINAL PATTERNS

拟议的研究是一项深入的纵向研究， 样本调查：（1）日常饮酒模式的动态变化 在2年的时间里，这些生物心理社会相关性 动力学;（2）基于标准的酒精问题的自然史;以及（3） 与生化标志物鉴定相关的相关维度， 酒精滥用和依赖的特定风险因素。 目标：（1）确定和量化饮酒的稳定模式，以及（2） 确定与这些模式中的扰动有关的具体因素。 这些研究的结果可能会对这两方面产生重大影响。 公共卫生和公共安全的观点：（1）具体说明 饮酒和症状模式的稳定和变化条件 （2）随着时间的推移，（2）提供详细的 每日饮酒的前瞻性记录，以及（3）提供机会， 准确评估生化状态的特异性和敏感性 酒精消费的标志：此外，这些结果将大大增加 科学知识：（1）亚临床病理学;（2） 生活压力对心理社会功能和酒精的影响 消费，以及这三类变量如何相互关联; （3）饮酒模式的一致性和变化。 方法：通过以下方式招募主动饮酒的男性和女性受试者： 报纸广告将报道消费和其他相关信息。 使用自动交互式语音每天提供信息，持续2年 响应电话系统。三分之一的受试者将：（1） 无症状，（2）表现出1至2个DSM-IV酒精滥用/依赖症状， （3）出现3 ~ 5种症状。 将收集以下方面的每日数据： 啤酒、葡萄酒、烈酒和香烟的量;醉酒程度 驾驶时，一般情绪，压力和身体健康;以及位置 喝酒的原因（或不喝酒的原因）。将对受试者进行评价 每季度一次，用于发展或减少酒精中毒。 在2年期间，每季度进行一次血液分析， 报告以确定两个有希望的可靠性和有效性， 最近确定的酒精滥用状态标志物（血红蛋白- 乙醛加合物和缺乏碳水化合物的转铁蛋白） 更传统但非特异性的标记 长期目标：获得的数据将用于指定更大的 可靠性一些高度相关的公共卫生和公共安全 性问题由于大多数有酒精问题的美国人从未接受过治疗， 本研究使用寻求治疗的受试者 对于广泛的饮酒人群来说， 公众从这项研究中产生的数据应该特别提供 有益的见解的演变和波动， 大量饮酒未经治疗的样本

The proposed research is an in-depth, longitudinal study of a nonclinical sample investigating: (1) dynamics of daily alcohol consumption patterns over a 2-year period, and the biopsychosocial correlates of those dynamics; (2) natural history of criteria-based alcohol problems; and (3) associated dimensions related to identification of biochemical markers and specific risk factors for alcohol abuse and dependence. Goals: (1) Identify and quantify stable patterns of drinking, and (2) identify specific factors associated with perturbations in those patterns. Results from these studies could have a significant impact from both public health and public safety perspectives by: (1) specifying the conditions for the stability and change in drinking and symptom patterns (including alcohol dependence) over time, (2) providing a detailed prospective record of daily drinking, and (3) affording the opportunity to assess accurately the specificity and sensitivity of biochemical state markers of alcohol consumption: Also, these results will add substantially to scientific knowledge concerning: (1) subclinical symptomatology; (2) influences of life stressors on psychosocial functioning and alcohol consumption, and how these three classes of variables are interrelated; and (3) consistency and change in patterns of alcohol use. Method: Actively drinking male and female subjects recruited through newspaper advertisements will report consumption and other relevant information daily for 2 years using an automated Interactive Voice Response telephone system. Equal thirds of the subjects will be: (1) symptom free, (2) exhibit 1 to 2 DSM-IV alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms, and (3) manifest 3 to 5 symptoms. Daily data will be gathered on: quantity of beer, wine, liquor, and cigarettes; ratings of intoxication and while driving, general mood, stress, and physical health; and location of drinking (or reasons for not drinking). Subjects will be evaluated quarterly for development of or reduction in alcoholic symptomatology. Blood assays will be obtained every quarter for the 2-year period of daily reporting to determine the reliability and validity of two promising, recently-identified state markers of alcohol abuse (hemoglobin- acetaldehyde adducts and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin) relative to more traditional but nonspecific markers. Long-term objectives: Data obtained will be used to specify with greater reliability a number of highly relevant public health and public safety concerns. Since most Americans with alcohol problems are never treated, results of this study using subjects unselected for treatment-seeking should be especially meaningful for a broad spectrum of the drinking public. Data generated from this research should provide particularly useful insights into the evolution and fluctuations of symptomatology in a heavy drinking, nontreatment sample.