Exploring the role of human behaviours and spatial design factors in moderating respiratory infectious disease transmission in shared sanitation

项目标题续：设施研究的挑战是调查共享卫生设施中的行为模式和空间设计之间的相互作用如何减缓呼吸道传染病传播的风险。关于共享环卫设施内疾病传播的现有研究侧重于通过QMRA方法对传播风险进行建模，但在理解共享环卫空间内的人的行为和互动如何降低呼吸道疾病传播风险方面存在知识差距。此外，关于观察和记录共享环卫设施中的典型行为和相互作用的最有效方法的知识有限。该项目将按以下步骤进行：1.进行系统的文献回顾，以探索人类行为和空间设计对呼吸道传染病传播的影响的文献2.在英国开展形成性研究，以开发观察和识别原型行为、社会互动和与物理空间的互动的观察工具。3.在印度开展观察性研究，调查在高密度低收入地区不同类别的共享卫生设施中行为和互动模式是如何转化的。还将开展研究，以确定在新冠肺炎大流行期间，共享厕所的行为和态度是如何得到缓和的。这一项目的影响将是：a.通过提供证据证明共用环卫设施中呼吸道传染病传播的边际风险，对知识体系作出贡献；b.使地方当局能够就优先考虑共用环卫设施的设计特点以减少呼吸道传染病传播的风险向地方当局提供咨询和指导。

Project Title continuation: facilitiesThe research challenge is to investigate how the interactions between patterns of behaviour and the spatial design in shared sanitation facilities moderates the risk of respiratory infectious disease transmission. Existing research regarding disease transmissions in shared sanitation facilities focuses on modelling the risk of transmissions through QMRA approaches, however there is a knowledge gap in understanding how people's behaviours and interactions within shared sanitation spaces moderates the risk of respiratory disease transmissions. Additionally there is limited knowledge on the most effective methods for observing and recording archetypal behaviours and interactions in shared sanitation facilities. The project will be carried out in the following steps: 1. Conducting a systematic literature review to explore the literature on the influence of human behaviours and spatial design on respiratory infectious disease transmission 2. Carrying out formative research in the UK to develop observational tools for observing and identifying archetypal behaviours, social interactions and interactions with the physical space. 3. Carrying out observational research in India, to investigate how patterns of behaviours and interactions translate in different categories of shared sanitation facilities in high density low income areas. To also carry out research to establish how shared toilet behaviours and attitudes were moderated during the Covid-19 pandemic. The impact of this project will be: a. To contribute to the body of knowledge by providing evidence of the marginal risks of respiratory infectious disease transmission in shared sanitation facilities; b. To enable advice and guidance to be given to local authorities on prioritising design features in shared sanitation facilities to reduce the risk of respiratory infectious disease transmissions.