Brain Maturation: Function for Rapid Eye-Movement Sleep

超出所提供的空间。 该项目的长期目标是确定快速眼动睡眠（REMS）是否在早期生活中发挥作用，作为引导和建立大脑成熟发育的一组遗传编程的中枢神经系统过程的一部分。这一假说最初是由REMS的几个特征提出的：它是哺乳动物CNS在胎儿晚期、新生儿和婴儿早期阶段比在成年阶段更高的代表性状态，特别是在出生后一段时间内显著的CNS发育持续的晚期物种中;相对于其他两种CNS状态，（非快速眼动睡眠和清醒）是大脑最大生长期的衰退期，是大脑内中枢产生的内源性冲动引起广泛的中枢神经系统区域强烈的神经元代谢活化的时期。这种早期中枢神经系统功能，或功能性后果，与REMS状态相关的激活证实了公认的原则：神经组织的活动依赖性发展。根据这种CNS发育模型，REMS的作用被设计为与其他内源性过程协同作用，并与外源性刺激作用相加和互补，以指导和加强正常（通常）脑发育。在我们的第一个项目期间收集的证据表明，在年轻哺乳动物的REMS剥夺技术去除REMS显着影响外侧膝状体核（LGN）细胞大小，我们现在的目标是揭示REMS相关激活的直接影响。在快速眼动睡眠时，脑干内产生重复性相位放电桥-膝-枕（PGO）-波，并伴有多个脑区的激活。本研究为进一步证实快速眼动睡眠的这一阶段性激活成分是快速眼动睡眠对神经发育发挥作用的关键过程提供了初步证据和新的探索。我们将剥夺REMS和相关的PGO波，用louc音调实验性复制PGO波，仅在黑暗中醒来，以测试PGO波是否抵消由单眼剥夺动物中持续的REMS剥夺诱导的LGN细胞大小的改变。REMS状态是控制神经元活动的特性的集合，并且可能通过已知的活动机制影响LGN细胞大小。突触可塑性我们的第二组研究测试是否一个特定的谷氨酸受体，这是必不可少的活动依赖的发展也是必要的REMS的发展效果。我们测试这一假设，注入谷氨酸受体拮抗剂到视觉皮层，以阻止我们证明，和，预期的影响，快速眼动睡眠剥夺对膝状皮质细胞发育的动物经历持续的视觉不对称。 增加我们对与REMS的假设发育功能相关的机制的理解，可能有助于预防和治疗某些睡眠和抑郁症。性能现场=

EXCEED THE SPACE PROVIDED. The long-term goal of this project is to determine whether rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) has a.function in early life as one part of a genetically programmedgroup of CNS processes that guide and establish the maturational development of the brain. This hypothesis was oiiginally suggested by several characteristics of REMS: It is a more highly represented state of the mammalian CNS in the late fetal, neonatal and early infancy periods than inthe adult, particularly in altricial species in which significant CNS development continues for a time after birth; it decreases in early development relative to the two other CNS states (non-REMS and waking) as the period of maximal brain growth ebbs, and it is a time of intense neuronalanc metabolic activation of widespread CNS areas by endogenous impulses generated from centers withinthe brain. Thisproposec early CNS function, or functional consequence, of REMS state-related activation exemplifies the well accepted principleo: activity-dependent development cf neural tissue. In terms of this model of CNS development, the role of REMS isdesignec to operate synergistically with other endogenous processes and be additive and complementary in its actions with exogenous arocesses to direct and potentiate normal (usual) brain development. Having gathered evidence in our first project period tha removal of REMS in young mammals by REMS-deprivation techniquessignificantly affects lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN ;ell size, we now aim to uncover the direct effects of REMS-related activation. During REMS, repetitive phasic discharges ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO)--waves, are generated in brainstemand arc concomitant with activation inmany brain areas. We lave preliminary evidence and new seek to validate that this phasic activating component of REMS is a key process exerting the effects of REMS on neural development. We will depriveREMS and associated PGO-waves but also then evoke, withlouc tones an experimental replicate of the PGO-wave exclusivelyduringwaking-in-the-dark to test whether the replacementPGO- waves counteract alterations in LGN cell size being induced by ongoing REMS-deprivation in monocularlydeprivedanimals The REMS state is a confluence of properties which control neuronal activity and may affect LGN cell size through known mechanisms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Our second set of studiestests whether a specificglutamate receptor that is known to be essential to activity-dependent development is also necessary to the developmental effects of REMS. We test this hypothesis by infusing a glutamate receptor antagonist into visual cortex to block our demonstrated, and, expected effects of REMS deprivation on geniculocortical cell development in animals experiencing ongoing visual asymmetry. Increasing our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the hypothesized developmental function of REMS may enable prevention and treatment of certain sleep and depression pathologies. PERFORMANCE SITE ========================================Section End===========================================