TREATMENT AND OUTCOME OF EARLY ONSET BIPOLAR DISORDER

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：双相情感障碍的发作 在青少年时期，增加了学业失败，离家出走， 吸毒成瘾和自杀在青少年中，双相情感障碍是 通常伴有妄想、幻觉或严重的攻击性或 破坏性的行为，需要急性治疗与预防 抗精神病药物和情绪稳定剂没有数据显示 什么时候停止服用抗精神病药物，或者是否停止服用。 尽管识别可以维持的患者很重要， 单独使用锂，以降低发生长期不良反应的风险， 与迟发性运动障碍（TD）一样， 疾病的反复发作。在锂电池上， 一般的维持治疗。对于患有精神病的青少年 特征或攻击性，破坏性行为作为他们躁狂症的一部分， 辅助抗精神病药物可能提供额外的预防功效。 此外，新型抗精神病药物的TD风险较低可能会改变 风险：收益比有利于长期抗精神病药物治疗。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Onset of bipolar disorder during adolescence increases the risk of school failure, out-of-home placement, drug abuse and addiction, and suicide. In adolescents, bipolar disorder is often accompanied by delusions, hallucinations, or severe assaultive or destructive behaviors that require acute treatment with adjunctive antipsychotic medication in addition to a mood stabilizer. There are no data on when to withdraw antipsychotic medication or whether to withdraw it at all. Although it is important to identify patients who could be maintained on lithium alone to decrease the risk of developing long-term adverse effects such as tardive dyskinesia (TD), it is also important to prevent disruptive recurrences of episodes of illness. There is a high rate of failure on lithium maintenance treatment in general. For adolescents who have had psychotic features or assaultive, destructive behavior as part of their mania, continued adjunctive antipsychotic medication may offer additional prophylactic efficacy. In addition, a lower risk of TD with the novel antipsychotics may alter the risk: benefit ratio in favor of longer-term antipsychotic treatment.