"Cos" it's worth it: Understanding and mitigating the impacts of ozone pollution on leafy salad crops

“因为”这是值得的：了解和减轻臭氧污染对叶类沙拉作物的影响

• 批准号: 2446656
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2446656
• 关键词: Cos; worth; Understanding; mitigating; impacts

Ozone is a highly reactive phytotoxic molecule that causes oxidative damage to plant cells when it is taken up through the stomata. Leafy vegetation has been shown previously to be highly susceptible to such damage, although sensitivity is known to vary between different species. One of the early symptoms of ozone damage is visible injury, e.g. changes in leaf colour (chlorosis) and leaf curling (abscission), which can lead to crops harvested for their leaves such as leafy salads quickly becoming unsaleable. Increased exposure results in reduced functioning and cell death, reducing productivity and hence yield. In spite of this, the impacts of ozone pollution on sensitive crops are not well-known or understood in the agricultural community and the visible signs of damage are often overlooked or misdiagnosed.Ozone concentrations during the main growing season are already above the damage-threshold and are projected to increase further under climate change. Additionally, crop species differ in their sensitivity to ozone and other environmental factors such as nutrient levels and irrigation, along with crop protection, can influence the magnitude of the impacts. Therefore, there is a pressing need for agronomists to be able to recognise and act on the early symptoms to mitigate against crop loss.This project will combine chamber experiments, field observations and trials, and modelling to:1. determine the effects of chronic and acute exposure to ozone on a range of different salad species of differing sensitivity2. develop a diagnostic tool that agronomists can use in-field to recognise ozone damage3. identify the mechanisms governing the sensitivity or tolerance of two selected contrasting salad species4. quantify potential crop losses under current and future ozone pollution levels5. identify feasible crop management practices to mitigate losses.

臭氧是一种高度活性的植物毒性分子，当它通过气孔被吸收时，会对植物细胞造成氧化损伤。以前已经证明，叶类植被对这种损害非常敏感，尽管已知不同物种的敏感性不同。臭氧破坏的早期症状之一是可见的伤害，例如叶子颜色的变化（褪绿）和叶子卷曲（卷曲），这可能导致收获叶子的作物，如叶沙拉迅速变得无法销售。增加暴露导致功能降低和细胞死亡，降低生产力，从而降低产量。尽管如此，臭氧污染对敏感作物的影响在农业界并不为人所知或了解，可见的损害迹象往往被忽视或误诊。在主要生长季节，臭氧浓度已经超过损害阈值，预计在气候变化的情况下还会进一步增加。此外，作物品种对臭氧的敏感性不同，营养水平和灌溉等其他环境因素以及沿着的作物保护也会影响的程度。因此，迫切需要农学家能够识别早期症状并采取行动，以减轻作物损失。本项目将结合联合收割机室内实验，田间观察和试验，以及建模，以：1。确定慢性和急性暴露于臭氧对一系列不同敏感性的不同沙拉种类的影响2。开发一种诊断工具，农学家可以在实地使用，以识别臭氧损害3。确定两种选定的对比沙拉品种的敏感性或耐受性的机制4.在目前和未来的臭氧污染水平下量化潜在的作物损失5。确定可行的作物管理做法，以减少损失。