A Life Worth Living? Nietzsche on Transience and Nihilism

值得过的生活吗？

• 批准号: 2609923
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Essex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2609923
• 关键词: Life; Worth; Living; Nietzsche; Transience

This project focuses on the relation between the experience of time as transience and nihilism. The sociologist Hartmut Rosa argues that the acceleration of life under capitalism leads us to perceive reality as increasingly transient: nothing lasts long enough to meaningfully connect with, we feel alienated and depressed. Already 150 years ago, Friedrich Nietzsche had concluded that the experience of transience led the West to nihilism: an existential stance for which life has no purpose and is meaningless. As Nietzsche's diagnosis is influential, I approach the issue of transience through a phenomenological reading of his thought. While most commentators understand nihilism in terms of a loss of value, I argue that it is better understood in relation to time and that nihilism can be resisted by experiencing transience differently. I seek to outline and analyse a new existential stance proposed by Nietzsche,focusing on the untimeliness and the paradoxical extension of the moment.My approach differs from Espen Hammer (2011) who argues that Nietzsche fails to provide a solution to the issue of transience because he asks us to deny the past. I differ by arguing that Nietzsche proposes anew way of relating to the past rather than wanting its denial. John McCumber's claims (2011) that Nietzsche falls short of providing us with means to respond to the radical openness of the future after God's death. Yet, the ER and the notion of the untimely may outline an existential stance for constraining meaningfully the openness of the future. This project would then contribute a new perspective on how past, future and present could be bound together into a meaningful totality that is the moment.Nietzsche offers a way of relating to time which affords a person who learns to experience the moment appropriately a hermeneutic perspective from which their life as a whole (and the passing of time) can be made meaningful.MethodThis research will be informed by a phenomenological approach, seeking with Nietzsche to understand how a person who experiences time nihilistically understands self and world. What does it feel like to experience transience in a nihilistic way? What are the structures of such experience (if any)? Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Z) is a key text, dealing with issues of transience, suffering, nihilism and time. An exegetical reading of Genealogy of Morals (GM) could reveal further insights into how we experience and relate to time through values. And The Gay Science (GS) offers descriptions of the experience of the death of God,the eternal recurrence and the existential stance of the 'untimely'. Where appropriate I may further draw on other writings such as Untimely Meditations (UM) where Nietzsche discusses our relation to history and his description of nihilism in The Will to Power (WP). Being a German native speaker, I am able to read Nietzsche in the original text and to also access the extensive German secondary literature on his work.ScheduleOct. 2021 - 2022:Chapter I: The relation between transience and nihilism.Ancient and Christian understandings of time, transience and eternity.The death of God, changes in temporal perception and nihilism.Nietzsche's phenomenology of transience and nihilism.Oct. 2022 - 2023:Chapter 2: The ER as a new relation to time.The ER in relation to standard understandings of time.Thinking ER as a way of establishing duration by relating differently to past and future.Nietzsche's phenomenology of the moment and its paradoxical relation to duration.Oct. 2023 - 2024:Chapter 3: How does one become untimely?Examining the relation between untimeliness and history - untimeliness as the discontinuity of history.Untimeliness as a way of structuring time by establishing endings, transitions, and section.The timeliness of living and dying at the right time.

该项目的重点是短暂的时间体验与虚无主义之间的关系。社会学家哈特穆特·罗莎认为，资本主义下生活的加速导致我们认为现实越来越短暂：没有什么能够持续足够长的时间来进行有意义的联系，我们感到疏远和沮丧。早在 150 年前，弗里德里希·尼采就得出结论，短暂的经历导致西方走向虚无主义：一种存在主义立场，认为生命没有目的、毫无意义。由于尼采的诊断具有影响力，因此我通过对他思想的现象学解读来探讨短暂性问题。虽然大多数评论家从价值损失的角度来理解虚无主义，但我认为，将其与时间联系起来可以更好地理解，并且可以通过以不同的方式体验短暂性来抵制虚无主义。我试图概述和分析尼采提出的一种新的存在主义立场，重点关注时刻的不合时宜和矛盾的延伸。我的方法与埃斯彭·哈默（Espen Hammer，2011）不同，后者认为尼采未能为短暂性问题提供解决方案，因为他要求我们否认过去。我的不同意见是，尼采提出了一种与过去相关的新方式，而不是想要否认过去。约翰·麦坎伯 (John McCumber) 声称 (2011)，尼采未能为我们提供应对上帝死后未来的彻底开放的方法。然而，ER 和不合时宜的概念可能会勾勒出一种存在主义立场，以有意义地限制未来的开放性。然后，这个项目将为如何将过去、未来和现在结合在一起形成一个有意义的整体（即时刻）提供一个新的视角。尼采提供了一种与时间相关的方式，为学习适当地体验时刻的人提供了一种解释学的视角，从这个角度他们的生活作为一个整体（以及时间的流逝）可以变得有意义。方法这项研究将采用现象学方法，与尼采一起寻求 了解一个虚无地体验时间的人如何理解自我和世界。以虚无主义的方式体验短暂性是什么感觉？这种经验的结构是什么（如果有的话）？ 《查拉图斯特拉如是说》（Z）是一部关键文本，涉及短暂性、苦难、虚无主义和时间等问题。对《道德谱系》（GM）的释经解读可以进一步揭示我们如何通过价值观体验时间并与之建立联系。 《快乐科学》（GS）描述了上帝之死的体验、永恒的轮回和“不合时宜”的存在立场。在适当的情况下，我可以进一步借鉴其他著作，例如《不合时宜的沉思》（UM），其中尼采讨论了我们与历史的关系以及他在《权力意志》（WP）中对虚无主义的描述。作为一个以德语为母语的人，我能够阅读尼采的原文，也能够访问关于他的作品的大量德语二手文献。 2021 - 2022：第一章：短暂性与虚无主义之间的关系。古代和基督教对时间、短暂性和永恒的理解。上帝之死，时间感知和虚无主义的变化。尼采的短暂性和虚无主义现象学。 2022 - 2023：第 2 章：ER 作为与时间的新关系。ER 与时间的标准理解相关。将 ER 视为通过与过去和未来不同的方式建立持续时间的一种方式。尼采的当下现象学及其与持续时间的矛盾关系。 2023 - 2024：第三章：一个人如何变得不合时宜？审视不合时宜与历史之间的关系——不合时宜是历史的不连续性。不合时宜是通过建立结局、过渡和分段来构建时间的一种方式。在正确的时间生与死的合时性。