Sustainable Zero-Carbon Solar Heating, Cooling and Power in Urban and Off-Grid Environments

城市和离网环境中可持续的零碳太阳能供暖、制冷和供电

基本信息

批准号：
2451429
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2451429
关键词：
Sustainable Zero Carbon Solar Heating

项目摘要

In order to accelerate renewable-energy penetration and meet ambitious emissions targets that have been set, further research and innovation are required to promote technologies in high-density urban environments, where low-carbon renewable energy has a significant potential to displace and mitigate environmental issues associated with fossil-fuel use (emissions/other pollutants), as well as in off-grid communities and micro-grids in rapidly-growing regions with a substantial solar resource. Two-thirds of Africa's population is still lacking access to electricity, 80% of which lives in rural areas. Off-grid, distributed solar-energy supply has the potential to help Africa eradicate energy poverty, increase living standards, boost economic growth, while avoiding pollution, enhancing security, resilience and sustainability. Hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) systems are highly-suitable solutions for meeting the complete energy needs of urban and off-grid environments, as they generate both electrical and thermal outputs from the same area with a higher total efficiency than separate, standalone systems, and can be readily integrated with other technologies (e.g. for cooling, water or storage) within wider, wholistic energy systems. PVT technology is considered superior in terms of energy density (by 15-20%), and can reduce emissions by 30-40%, space by 20-30%, and investment costs by 10-20% compared to equivalent side-by-side PV and solar-thermal systems delivering the same energy outputs. This project will investigate the potential of a disruptive solar PVT concept (under development in separate projects), capable of providing up to 34x more useful energy compared to standard PV and 1.5-2x more energy than conventional PVT panels per unit area, thus outperforming best-in-class panels at a cost competitive with low-cost panels with much lower performance. This would be an unparalleled solution for simultaneous heating/cooling, hot and/or clean water provision, alongside electricity generation, in area-constrained or hot/arid regions with a significant solar resource and fast-growing developing economies.The aims are to assess the combined technological, economic, environmental and social potential of this PVT-technology integrated into combined heating/cooling/power systems, identifying the most promising solutions and operating strategies for achieving higher yields in targeted locations at low-cost, including solutions to address solar intermittency, e.g. energy/water storage. This will be achieved by integrating technology models with advanced economic and environmental sustainability assessment methodologies, holistic considerations of the status and trends of energy prices, technology developments, regional resources and policies. Cost-competitiveness analyses over conventional supplies will be conducted by accounting for energy-price and technology-cost projections. Emissions and environmental impacts will be assessed by using life-cycle sustainability assessments. Case studies will be conducted in collaboration with partners Desolenator (SSCP proposed collaborative partner) and Solar-Polar, in two diverse and highly-transferable representative settings: 1) urban environments, to reduce reliance on electricity grid and promote solar penetration; 2) rural micro-grids, to enable clean and affordable energy supply in developing, energy-poor regions. Workshops are planned to collect locally-relevant data on weather, environment and energy-use, and engage diverse, local stakeholders to discuss social and legislative barriers from their perspectives. The project will demonstrate the affordability and sustainability potential of solar PVTbased whole-energy solutions, provide guidance to interested stakeholders, and insights for investment and policy development

为了加速可再生能源的渗透并满足已设定的雄心勃勃的排放目标，需要进一步的研究和创新来促进高密度的城市环境中的技术，在高密度的城市环境中，低碳可再生能源具有取代和缓解与化石燃料的快速使用（以及其他污染的污染者）相关的环境问题的重要潜力具有大量的太阳资源。非洲人口的三分之二仍缺乏电力，其中80％居住在农村地区。离网，分布式的太阳能供应有可能帮助非洲消除能源贫困，提高生活水平，促进经济增长，同时避免污染，增强安全性，弹性和可持续性。 Hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) systems are highly-suitable solutions for meeting the complete energy needs of urban and off-grid environments, as they generate both electrical and thermal outputs from the same area with a higher total efficiency than separate, standalone systems, and can be readily integrated with other technologies (e.g. for cooling, water or storage) within wider, wholistic energy systems. PVT技术在能量密度（提高15-20％）方面被认为是优越的，并且与同等的并排PV和太阳能系统相比，可以将排放量减少30-40％，空间降低20-30％，投资成本降低10-20％。该项目将研究一个破坏性的太阳能PVT概念（在单独的项目中开发中）的潜力，与标准PV相比，能够比标准PV的能源高34倍，而能量比每个单位区域的传统PVT面板高1.5-2倍，从而超过了最佳级别面板，以较低的性能具有低成本的面板的成本竞争力。这将是一种无与伦比的解决方案，用于同时加热/冷却，热水和/或清洁水提供，以及发电，在区域受限或热/干旱地区，具有大量的太阳能资源和快速发展的发展中经济体。目的是评估该组合的技术，经济，环境和社会潜力，以识别该PVT-Technological的组合，并识别溶液的整体/冷却系统，并确定溶液/冷却系统，以确定固定/冷却的系统，并确定固定/冷却的系统，并确定固定/冷却的系统，并确定溶液/储备的融合/冷却系统，并确定溶液/供应/冷却系统的融合，并确定固定的热量系统，并确定高度的供热/供应/冷却系统，以确定固定/供应/冷却系统的效果，并识别固定型的热量/储备。在低成本的目标位置，在靶向位置达到较高的收率，包括解决太阳间歇性的解决方案，例如能源/储水。这将通过将技术模型与先进的经济和环境可持续性评估方法相结合，对能源价格的状态和趋势的整体考虑，技术发展，区域资源和政策的整体考虑来实现。对传统用品的成本竞争性分析将通过考虑能源价格和技术成本预测来进行。排放和环境影响将通过使用生命周期的可持续性评估来评估。案例研究将与合作伙伴的脱糖剂（SSCP拟议的合作伙伴）和太阳极性合作进行，并在两个多样化且高度可转换的代表环境中：1）城市环境，以减少对电网的依赖并促进太阳渗透； 2）农村微网格，以在发展中的能源贫困地区进行清洁且负担得起的能源供应。计划将讲习班收集有关天气，环境和能源利用的本地数据，并让各种各样的当地利益相关者从其角度讨论社会和立法障碍。该项目将证明基于太阳能PVTBB的全能解决方案的负担能力和可持续性潜力，向有兴趣的利益相关者提供指导，并提供投资和政策制定的见解