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Sustainable Zero-Carbon Solar Heating, Cooling and Power in Urban and Off-Grid Environments

城市和离网环境中可持续的零碳太阳能供暖、制冷和供电

基本信息

批准号：
2451429
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2451429
关键词：
Sustainable Zero Carbon Solar Heating

项目摘要

In order to accelerate renewable-energy penetration and meet ambitious emissions targets that have been set, further research and innovation are required to promote technologies in high-density urban environments, where low-carbon renewable energy has a significant potential to displace and mitigate environmental issues associated with fossil-fuel use (emissions/other pollutants), as well as in off-grid communities and micro-grids in rapidly-growing regions with a substantial solar resource. Two-thirds of Africa's population is still lacking access to electricity, 80% of which lives in rural areas. Off-grid, distributed solar-energy supply has the potential to help Africa eradicate energy poverty, increase living standards, boost economic growth, while avoiding pollution, enhancing security, resilience and sustainability. Hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) systems are highly-suitable solutions for meeting the complete energy needs of urban and off-grid environments, as they generate both electrical and thermal outputs from the same area with a higher total efficiency than separate, standalone systems, and can be readily integrated with other technologies (e.g. for cooling, water or storage) within wider, wholistic energy systems. PVT technology is considered superior in terms of energy density (by 15-20%), and can reduce emissions by 30-40%, space by 20-30%, and investment costs by 10-20% compared to equivalent side-by-side PV and solar-thermal systems delivering the same energy outputs. This project will investigate the potential of a disruptive solar PVT concept (under development in separate projects), capable of providing up to 34x more useful energy compared to standard PV and 1.5-2x more energy than conventional PVT panels per unit area, thus outperforming best-in-class panels at a cost competitive with low-cost panels with much lower performance. This would be an unparalleled solution for simultaneous heating/cooling, hot and/or clean water provision, alongside electricity generation, in area-constrained or hot/arid regions with a significant solar resource and fast-growing developing economies.The aims are to assess the combined technological, economic, environmental and social potential of this PVT-technology integrated into combined heating/cooling/power systems, identifying the most promising solutions and operating strategies for achieving higher yields in targeted locations at low-cost, including solutions to address solar intermittency, e.g. energy/water storage. This will be achieved by integrating technology models with advanced economic and environmental sustainability assessment methodologies, holistic considerations of the status and trends of energy prices, technology developments, regional resources and policies. Cost-competitiveness analyses over conventional supplies will be conducted by accounting for energy-price and technology-cost projections. Emissions and environmental impacts will be assessed by using life-cycle sustainability assessments. Case studies will be conducted in collaboration with partners Desolenator (SSCP proposed collaborative partner) and Solar-Polar, in two diverse and highly-transferable representative settings: 1) urban environments, to reduce reliance on electricity grid and promote solar penetration; 2) rural micro-grids, to enable clean and affordable energy supply in developing, energy-poor regions. Workshops are planned to collect locally-relevant data on weather, environment and energy-use, and engage diverse, local stakeholders to discuss social and legislative barriers from their perspectives. The project will demonstrate the affordability and sustainability potential of solar PVTbased whole-energy solutions, provide guidance to interested stakeholders, and insights for investment and policy development

为了加速可再生能源的渗透和实现已设定的雄心勃勃的排放目标，需要进一步研究和创新，在高密度的城市环境中推广技术，在高密度的城市环境中，低碳可再生能源具有取代和缓解与化石燃料使用（排放/其他污染物）相关的环境问题的巨大潜力，以及在太阳能资源丰富的快速增长地区的离网社区和微电网。非洲三分之二的人口仍然没有用上电，其中80%生活在农村地区。离网分布式太阳能供应有潜力帮助非洲消除能源贫困，提高生活水平，促进经济增长，同时避免污染，增强安全性、复原力和可持续性。混合光电-热（PVT）系统是非常适合满足城市和离网环境的全部能源需求的解决方案，因为它们在同一区域产生电和热输出，比单独的，独立的系统具有更高的总效率，并且可以很容易地与其他技术（例如用于冷却，水或存储）集成在更广泛的整体能源系统中。PVT技术在能量密度（15-20%）方面被认为是优越的，与同等的并排光伏和太阳能热系统相比，可以减少30-40%的排放量，减少20-30%的空间，减少10-20%的投资成本，提供相同的能量输出。该项目将研究一种颠覆性太阳能PVT概念的潜力（在单独的项目中开发），与标准PV相比，能够提供高达34倍的有用能量，比单位面积的传统PVT面板多1.5-2倍的能量，从而在成本上优于同类最佳面板，与性能低得多的低成本面板竞争。这将是一个无与伦比的解决方案，在面积有限或炎热/干旱地区，太阳能资源丰富，发展中经济体快速增长，同时提供加热/制冷、热水和/或清洁水以及发电。目的是评估将这种pvt技术集成到联合供暖/制冷/电力系统中的综合技术、经济、环境和社会潜力，确定最有前途的解决方案和运营策略，以低成本在目标地点实现更高的产量，包括解决太阳能间歇性问题的解决方案，例如能源/水储存。这将通过将技术模型与先进的经济和环境可持续性评价方法、全面考虑能源价格的现状和趋势、技术发展、区域资源和政策相结合来实现。将通过计算能源价格和技术成本预测来对传统供应进行成本竞争力分析。将利用生命周期可持续性评估来评估排放和环境影响。案例研究将与合作伙伴（SSCP提议的合作伙伴）和solar - polar合作，在两个不同且高度可转移的代表性环境中进行：1)城市环境，以减少对电网的依赖并促进太阳能渗透；2)农村微电网，为发展中能源贫困地区提供清洁和负担得起的能源。计划举办讲习班，收集与当地有关的天气、环境和能源使用数据，并让不同的当地利益相关者从他们的角度讨论社会和立法障碍。该项目将展示基于太阳能pv的全能源解决方案的可负担性和可持续性潜力，为感兴趣的利益相关者提供指导，并为投资和政策制定提供见解