Costs of Occupational Injury and Illness

描述：我们将使用现有的数据和改进的方法来估算职业伤害和疾病的成本。成本将按以下类别估算：1)直接(医疗、行政)和间接(损失收入、附带福利、家庭生产、雇主成本)的经济类别；2)涉及性别、种族、民族和年龄组的人口类别，以及职业、行业和州；3)致命疾病，如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、尘肺病、膀胱癌、肺癌、冠心病和肾脏疾病；4)非致命疾病，如皮炎、腕管综合征、疝气和中毒；5)致命伤害，如凶杀和跌倒；6)和非致命性伤害，如截肢、烧伤、脑震荡、触电、骨折、扭伤和拉伤。我们还将进行广泛的敏感性分析，以确定随着关键假设的改变，我们的估计将如何变化。致命的疾病成本将通过汇总和交叉分类来自政府调查、数据集和报告的数据来估算。我们将根据估计职业暴露对19种致命疾病发展的贡献的大量研究，分配人口归因风险百分比(PAR%)。间接发病率成本将基于国家健康访谈调查中对工作损失天数、限制活动天数和卧床天数的回归分析，以及收入(来自劳工统计局(BLS))和家庭生产的数据。间接死亡成本将使用比德尔模型，该模型包括来自国家补偿保险委员会(NCCI)的医疗成本数据和现值方程，以估计未来损失的收入和家庭生产。劳工统计局年度调查将根据政府工作人员和自雇人士的遗漏以及少报的情况进行调整，将用于估计非致命伤害和疾病。NCCI的医疗和赔偿数据将与工资替代率相结合，以估计工人补偿(WC)类别的成本：仅限医疗、暂时部分和完全残疾、永久部分残疾和永久完全残疾。比德尔模型将用于致命伤害。为了预测未来的成本，我们将结合我们目前对职业和行业的成本估计与劳工统计局对职业和行业未来就业的10年预测。最重要的问题将是透明度。我们将解释估算是如何得出的，并充分披露所有限制。另一个令人担忧的问题是及时性。最近的一项研究始于1992年。但报告的全国伤害率自1992年以来一直在下降。此外，从1993年到1998年，工人补偿成本有所下降，但自1999年以来有所上升。需要最新和全面的估计。

DESCRIPTION: We will estimate costs of occupational injury and illness using current data and improved methods. Costs will be estimated in the following categories: 1) economic categories of direct (medical, administrative) and indirect (lost earnings, fringe benefits, home production, employer costs); 2) demographic categories involving gender, race, ethnic, and age groups, as well as occupations, industries and states; 3) fatal diseases such as asthma, COPD, pneumoconiosis, bladder cancer, lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and renal disease; 4) non-fatal diseases such as dermatitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, hernia, and poisoning; 5) fatal injuries such as homicides and falls; 6) and non-fatal injuries such as amputations, burns, concussions, electric shock, fractures, sprains and strains. We will also conduct an extensive sensitivity analysis to determine how our estimates vary as key assumptions are altered. Fatal disease costs will be estimated by aggregating and cross-classifying data from government surveys, data sets, and reports. We will assign population-attributable risk percents (PAR%) based upon numerous studies that estimate the contribution of occupational exposures to the development of 19 fatal diseases. Indirect morbidity costs will be based on combining regression analyses of work-loss days, restricted activity days and bed days in the National Health Interview Survey with data on earnings (from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)) and home production. Indirect mortality Costs will use the Biddle model which includes medical cost data from the National Council on Compensation Insurance (NCCI) and a present value equation to estimate lost future earnings and home production. The BLS Annual Survey, adjusted for omissions of government workers and the self-employed as well as under-reporting, will be used to estimate non-fatal injuries and illnesses. Medical and indemnity data from the NCCI will be combined with wage replacement rates to estimate costs in Workers' Compensation (WC) categories: medical only, temporary partial and total disability, permanent partial disability, and permanent total disability. The Biddle model will be used for fatal injuries. To forecast future costs we will combine our current cost estimates across occupations and industries with BLS 10-year projections for future employment in occupations and industries. An over-riding concern will be transparency. We will explain how estimates are derived and fully disclose all limitations. Another concern will be timeliness. The most recent study dates from 1992. But reported national injury rates have been fallen since 1992. Moreover, Workers' Compensation costs fell from 1993 to 1998 but have risen since 1999. Current and comprehensive estimates are needed.