Costs of Occupational Injury and Illness

我们将使用现有数据和改进的方法估算职业伤害和疾病的成本。 费用将按以下类别估算：1）直接经济类别（医疗、行政） 和间接（损失的收入，附加福利，家庭生产，雇主成本）; 2）人口类别 涉及性别、种族、民族和年龄组，以及职业、行业和国家; 3）致命疾病 如哮喘、COPD、尘肺、膀胱癌、肺癌、冠心病和肾 疾病; 4）非致命性疾病，如皮炎、腕管综合征、疝气和中毒; 5）致命性 伤害，如杀人和福尔斯; 6）和非致命伤害，如截肢、烧伤、脑震荡， 电击骨折扭伤和拉伤我们还将进行广泛的敏感性分析， 确定我们的估计如何随着关键假设的改变而变化。 致命性疾病的成本将通过汇总和交叉分类来自政府的数据来估计 调查、数据集和报告。我们将根据以下因素分配人群归因风险因子（PAR %）： 许多研究估计了职业暴露对19种致命疾病发展的贡献， 疾病间接发病率成本将基于对工作损失天数的回归分析， 全国健康访谈调查中的活动受限天数和卧床天数以及收入数据（来自 劳工统计局（BLS））和家庭生产。间接死亡成本将使用比德尔模型 其中包括来自国家补偿保险理事会（NCCI）的医疗费用数据和 现值方程来估计未来收入和家庭生产损失。 劳工统计局的年度调查，调整了政府工作人员和自营职业者的遗漏， 以及少报，将用于估计非致命伤害和疾病。医疗和赔偿数据 将与工资替代率相结合，以估计工人赔偿的成本 (WC)类别：仅医疗、暂时部分和完全残疾、永久部分残疾，以及 永久性完全残疾。比德尔模型将用于致命伤害。 为了预测未来的成本，我们将联合收割机结合我们目前的成本估计，在职业和行业 劳工统计局对职业和行业未来就业的10年预测。 一个压倒一切的问题将是透明度。我们将解释估计是如何得出的， 披露所有限制。另一个问题是及时性。最近的一次研究始于1992年。但 报告的全国受伤率自1992年以来有所下降。此外，工人赔偿费用从 1993年至1998年，但自1999年以来有所上升。需要进行当前和全面的估计。

We will estimate costs of occupational injury and illness using current data and improved methods. Costs will be estimated in the following categories: 1) economic categories of direct (medical, administrative) and indirect (lost earnings, fringe benefits, home production, employer costs); 2) demographic categories involving gender, race, ethnic, and age groups, as well as occupations, industries and states; 3) fatal diseases such as asthma, COPD, pneumoconiosis, bladder cancer, lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and renal disease; 4) non-fatal diseases such as dermatitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, hernia, and poisoning; 5) fatal injuries such as homicides and falls; 6) and non-fatal injuries such as amputations, bums, concussions, electric shock, fractures, sprains and strains. We will also conduct an extensive sensitivity analysis to determine how our estimates vary as key assumptions are altered. Fatal disease costs will be estimated by aggregating and cross-classifying data from government surveys, data sets, and reports. We will assign population-attributable risk percents (PAR%) based upon numerous studies that estimate the contribution of occupational exposures to the development of 19 fatal diseases. Indirect morbidity costs will be based on combining regression analyses of work-loss days, restricted activity days and bed days in the National Health Interview Survey with data on earnings (from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)) and home production. Indirect mortality Costs will use the Biddle model which includes medical cost data from the National Council on Compensation Insurance (NCCI) and a present value equation to estimate lost future earnings and home production. The BLS Annual Survey, adjusted for omissions of government workers and the self-employed as well as under-reporting, will be used to estimate non-fatal injuries and illnesses. Medical and indemnity data from the NCCI will be combined with wage-replacement rates to estimate costs in Workers' Compensation (WC) categories: medical only, temporary partial and total disability, permanent partial disability, and permanent total disability. The Biddle model will be used for fatal injuries. To forecast future costs we will combine our current cost estimates across occupations and industries with BLS 10-year projections for future employment in occupations and industries. An over-riding concern will be transparency. We will explain how estimates are derived and fully disclose all limitations. Another concern will be timeliness. The most recent study dates from 1992. But reported national injury rates have been fallen since 1992. Moreover, Workers' Compensation costs fell from 1993 to 1998 but have risen since 1999. Current and comprehensive estimates are needed.