Ethnicity and exposure to workplace violence for hospital-based and community nurses

由于NHS正在遭受有史以来最严重的人员危机，一些非英国的研究发现，招聘和保留的一个关键不利因素是工作场所暴力[1，2]。这个问题对于护士来说尤其重要，他们面临着最大的工作场所暴力风险[3，4]，也是目前NHS中供应最少的工作人员群体之一，有40，000个空缺。在英格兰，14%的NHS工作人员受到来自患者，亲属或公众的身体暴力[5]。然而，我们不知道的是，不同种族的暴力发生率有何不同。随着伦敦犯罪率的上升[6]和医院的负担越来越重，护士面临着治疗来自自己社区的暴力受害者或肇事者的额外挑战。在个人层面上，工作场所暴力可能导致抑郁和焦虑，缺勤，失去与同事的良好工作关系以及避免工作场所[7-11]。这反过来又导致招聘和留住人才的情况不佳，特别是在难以留住经验丰富的护士的专业领域，如急诊、重症监护和心理健康。该项目旨在了解工作场所暴力的性质和影响的精神和身体健康的医院和社区护士跨种族群体，以及报告这些事件的障碍，与提高护士学生的招聘，工作表现和保留合格的护士的影响。该项目与NHS英格兰劳动力种族平等标准（WRES）合作，并以威康信托基金资助的解决医疗服务中的不平等和歧视经历（TIDES）研究为基础，该研究调查了患者和医疗保健从业者所经历的歧视如何产生和延续不平等在卫生服务使用中。该项目采用混合方法设计来分析TIDES数据，并对同意重新接触的人进行跟踪，目的是：从背景、类型、频率、严重程度和肇事者的角度探讨在工作场所内外目睹或经历暴力行为的族裔群体（研究1）。研究工作场所暴力对身心健康、工作满意度、工作表现和留在职业中的意愿的影响，以及它在不同种族群体中的差异（研究2）。探讨报告暴力事件的程序，以及报告的障碍和促进因素（研究3）。

As the NHS is suffering its worst ever staffing crisis, a number of non-UK studies have found that a key detrimental factor in recruitment and retention is workplace violence [1, 2]. This issue is particularly pertinent for nurses, who are at greatest risk of workplace violence [3, 4] and are also one of the staff groups in the shortest supply with 40,000 vacancies currently in the NHS. 14% of NHS staff in England are exposed to physical violence from patients, relatives or members of the public [5]. What we don't know, however, is how rates of violence vary across ethnic groups. With rising crime rates in London [6] and increasingly overburdened hospitals, nurses face additional challenges of treating victims or perpetrators of violence from their own communities. At an individual level, workplace violence can lead to depression and anxiety, absence from work, loss of good working relationships with colleagues and avoidance of the workplace [7-11]. This, in turn, contributes to poor recruitment and retention, particularly in specialised areas which struggle to retain experienced nurses, such as emergency care, critical care and mental health. This project aims to understand the nature and impact of workplace violence on the mental and physical health of hospital-based and community nurses across ethnic groups, and the barriers to reporting these incidents, with implications for improving the recruitment of nursing students, work performance, and retention of qualified nurses. The project partners with NHS England Workforce Race Equality Standard (WRES) and builds on the Wellcome Trust funded Tackling Inequalities and Discrimination Experiences in health Services (TIDES) study, which investigates how discrimination experienced by both patients and healthcare practitioners may generate and perpetuate inequalities in health service use. Using a mixed-methods design to analyse TIDES data and follow up those who consented to be re-contacted, this project aims to: Explore witnessing or experiencing violence across ethnic groups both in and outside the workplace in terms of context, type, frequency, severity and perpetrator (Study 1). Examine the impact of workplace violence on mental and physical health, job satisfaction, work performance, and intention to stay in the profession and how it varies across ethnic groups (Study 2). Explore what procedures are in place for reporting violent incidents and what are the barriers and facilitators to reporting (Study 3).