Planning Grant for a Study of the Effect of Radiation

辐射影响研究规划拨款

• 批准号: 6943252
• 负责人: FRANCESMARY MODUGNO
• 金额: $ 7.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-06 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6943252
• 关键词: Commonwealth of Independent States; brca gene; breast neoplasms; cancer registry /resource; cancer risk; clinical research; female; gene environment interaction; human subject; ionizing radiation; method development; neoplasm /cancer epidemiology; questionnaires; radiation hazard; radiation related neoplasm /cancer; single nucleotide polymorphism; women' s health

There are several reports of studies that suggest an association between exposure to ionizing radiation and the subsequent development of breast cancer. Despite the dramatic increase in thyroid cancer after radiation exposure from the Chernobyl accident in 1986, especially in young children, there are no reports of studies of women in the same exposed population of the incidence of breast cancer, or of additional risks for the development of breast cancer. Like the thyroid, the human breast concentrates iodine and women near Chernobyl were exposed to much higher than normal levels of radioiodine and other radioactive isotopes, especially cesium and strontium. Moreover, as the breast develops and changes throughout various points in a woman's life (in utero, during puberty, pregnancy and lactation), there are distinct periods of time when the breast is more susceptible to environmental exposures. These observations, together with previous evidence linking ionizing radiation to breast cancer suggests that exposure to the nuclear radiation at Chernobyl will likely result in an increase In breast cancer, especially among particularly vulnerable subpopulations, such as women who were in utero, entering puberty, pregnant or lactating at the time of the accident or who harbor a particular genetic predisposition to the disease. Hence an investigation of the role of genetic and lifestyle factors associated with nuclear radiation in women exposed to the Chernobyl fallout is warranted. Such an investigation will help us further understand radiation-induced breast cancer and factors that may modify that relationship. This R03 application proposes the following objectives in preparation for a subsequent study to evaluate breast cancer in an Eastern European population exposed to sustained high doses of ionizing radiation in 1986: 1. Initiate and establish relationships with investigators in Belarus in order to set up the infrastructure for the pilot study and the resulting R01 study; 2. Link the Belarusian Radiation Exposure database to the cancer registry database in order to identify cases associated with various levels of radiation exposure. A subset of these cases will serve as the pilot study. Age and residence matched healthy women identified through the Radiation Exposure database will serve as controls; 3. Establish and test the study infrastructure, including instrument design, specimen acquisition, and laboratory testing; and 4. Generate pilot data in support of an R01 application. By the end of this two year period, we will have put into place all the necessary mechanisms to conduct a large-scale population based study, and we will have gathered pilot data to support an R01 application investigating nuclear radiation exposure and breast cancer.

有几份研究报告表明，暴露于电离辐射与随后的乳腺癌发展之间存在关联。尽管在1986年切尔诺贝利事故的辐射照射后，甲状腺癌的发病率急剧增加，特别是在幼儿中，但没有报告对同一受辐射人群中的妇女进行乳腺癌发病率或乳腺癌发展的额外风险的研究。与甲状腺一样，人类乳房也会聚集碘，而切尔诺贝利附近的妇女受到的放射性碘和其他放射性同位素，特别是铯和锶，远高于正常水平的辐射。此外，由于乳房在女性生命的各个阶段（在子宫内、青春期、怀孕和哺乳期间）发育和变化，乳房在不同的时期更容易受到环境暴露的影响。这些观察结果，加上先前将电离辐射与乳腺癌联系起来的证据表明，暴露于切尔诺贝利的核辐射可能会导致乳腺癌的发病率增加，特别是在特别脆弱的亚群体中，例如在事故发生时在子宫内、进入青春期、怀孕或哺乳的妇女，或具有这种疾病的特殊遗传易感性的妇女。因此，有必要调查与核辐射有关的遗传和生活方式因素在接触切尔诺贝利放射性尘降物的妇女中的作用。这样的调查将帮助我们进一步了解辐射诱发的乳腺癌以及可能改变这种关系的因素。这项R03申请提出了以下目标，为随后的研究做准备，该研究旨在评估1986年暴露于持续高剂量电离辐射的东欧人群的乳腺癌：发起并建立与白俄罗斯调查人员的关系，以便为试点研究和由此产生的R01研究建立基础设施；2. 将白俄罗斯辐射暴露数据库与癌症登记数据库连接起来，以便确定与不同程度的辐射暴露有关的病例。这些案例的一个子集将作为试点研究。通过辐射暴露数据库确定的年龄和居住地相匹配的健康妇女将作为对照；3. 建立和测试研究基础设施，包括仪器设计、标本采集和实验室测试；和4。生成支持R01应用程序的试验数据。到这两年结束时，我们将建立起开展大规模人口研究的所有必要机制，我们将收集试点数据，以支持调查核辐射暴露和乳腺癌的R01申请。