Planning Grant for a Study of the Effect of Radiation

辐射影响研究规划拨款

• 批准号: 6943252
• 负责人: FRANCESMARY MODUGNO
• 金额: $ 7.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-06 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6943252
• 关键词: Commonwealth of Independent States; brca gene; breast neoplasms; cancer registry /resource; cancer risk; clinical research; female; gene environment interaction; human subject; ionizing radiation; method development; neoplasm /cancer epidemiology; questionnaires; radiation hazard; radiation related neoplasm /cancer; single nucleotide polymorphism; women' s health

There are several reports of studies that suggest an association between exposure to ionizing radiation and the subsequent development of breast cancer. Despite the dramatic increase in thyroid cancer after radiation exposure from the Chernobyl accident in 1986, especially in young children, there are no reports of studies of women in the same exposed population of the incidence of breast cancer, or of additional risks for the development of breast cancer. Like the thyroid, the human breast concentrates iodine and women near Chernobyl were exposed to much higher than normal levels of radioiodine and other radioactive isotopes, especially cesium and strontium. Moreover, as the breast develops and changes throughout various points in a woman's life (in utero, during puberty, pregnancy and lactation), there are distinct periods of time when the breast is more susceptible to environmental exposures. These observations, together with previous evidence linking ionizing radiation to breast cancer suggests that exposure to the nuclear radiation at Chernobyl will likely result in an increase In breast cancer, especially among particularly vulnerable subpopulations, such as women who were in utero, entering puberty, pregnant or lactating at the time of the accident or who harbor a particular genetic predisposition to the disease. Hence an investigation of the role of genetic and lifestyle factors associated with nuclear radiation in women exposed to the Chernobyl fallout is warranted. Such an investigation will help us further understand radiation-induced breast cancer and factors that may modify that relationship. This R03 application proposes the following objectives in preparation for a subsequent study to evaluate breast cancer in an Eastern European population exposed to sustained high doses of ionizing radiation in 1986: 1. Initiate and establish relationships with investigators in Belarus in order to set up the infrastructure for the pilot study and the resulting R01 study; 2. Link the Belarusian Radiation Exposure database to the cancer registry database in order to identify cases associated with various levels of radiation exposure. A subset of these cases will serve as the pilot study. Age and residence matched healthy women identified through the Radiation Exposure database will serve as controls; 3. Establish and test the study infrastructure, including instrument design, specimen acquisition, and laboratory testing; and 4. Generate pilot data in support of an R01 application. By the end of this two year period, we will have put into place all the necessary mechanisms to conduct a large-scale population based study, and we will have gathered pilot data to support an R01 application investigating nuclear radiation exposure and breast cancer.

有几个研究报告表明，暴露在电离辐射和随后的乳腺癌发展之间存在联系。尽管1986年切尔诺贝利事故辐射暴露后，甲状腺癌急剧增加，特别是在幼儿中，但没有关于同一暴露人群中的妇女患乳腺癌的研究，或乳腺癌发展的额外风险的研究报告。与甲状腺一样，人类乳房浓缩碘和切尔诺贝利附近的妇女暴露在远高于正常水平的放射性碘和其他放射性同位素中，特别是铯和锶。此外，随着乳房在女性生命的不同阶段(子宫内、青春期、怀孕和哺乳期)的发育和变化，乳房在不同的时期更容易受到环境暴露的影响。这些观察结果，再加上之前将电离辐射与乳腺癌联系在一起的证据表明，暴露于切尔诺贝利核辐射可能会导致乳腺癌发病率的增加，特别是在特别脆弱的人群中，例如事故发生时在子宫中、进入青春期、怀孕或哺乳的妇女，或对这种疾病具有特殊遗传易感性的妇女。因此，有必要调查与核辐射有关的遗传和生活方式因素在受切尔诺贝利核辐射影响的妇女中的作用。这样的调查将有助于我们进一步了解辐射诱发的乳腺癌以及可能改变这种关系的因素。这个R03应用程序提出了以下目标，为1986年评估持续高剂量电离辐射暴露的东欧人群中的乳腺癌的后续研究做准备：1.启动并与白俄罗斯的调查人员建立关系，以便为试点研究和由此产生的R01研究建立基础设施；2.将白俄罗斯辐射暴露数据库与癌症登记数据库联系起来，以确定与不同水平辐射暴露相关的病例。这些案例中的一部分将作为试点研究。通过辐射暴露数据库确定的年龄和居住地匹配的健康妇女将作为对照；3.建立和测试研究基础设施，包括仪器设计、样本获取和实验室测试；4.生成试点数据，以支持R01应用。到这两年结束时，我们将建立所有必要的机制，进行大规模的人口研究，我们将收集试点数据，以支持调查核辐射暴露和乳腺癌的R01申请。