Do visual cues influence how sentences with different word orders are processed?

视觉线索会影响不同词序的句子的处理方式吗？

• 批准号: 2489036
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2489036
• 关键词: Do; visual; cues; influence; how

Psycholinguistics is the study of how people process (i.e., understand) and produce language. However, most work in the field to date has focused solely on English. In fact, of the 6k+ languages in the world, only around 0.6% have been studied using psycholinguistic methods. This means that the diversity of the world's languages is drastically underrepresented in the literature and it remains unknown whether many theories and findings are generalisable. This research contributes to addressing these concerns, by investigating the processing of word order variation cross-linguistically. We aim to answer the following: do visual cues influence how sentences with different word orders are processed? We address this using behavioural methods. Our language sample is English and Italian.Explicit (i.e., "obvious") visual cues have been shown to assist in sentence processing. In the sentence "put the apple on the towel in the box", it is unclear whether I should put an apple that is already on a towel into a box, or whether I should put an apple onto a towel that is already in a box. Seeing an image that obviously clears up this confusion (e.g., an apple already on a towel) helps people to process such sentences.Implicit (i.e., "unobvious") visual cues have been shown to influence sentence production. When people's attention is "unconsciously" drawn towards an object/character, they tend to begin their sentence with that object/character. These cues seem to trigger a "way of thinking about" the scene which affects how they speak about it. We assume that this "way of thinking" should affect not just how we produce, but also process, sentences. However, implicit cueing has yet to be used to investigate sentence processing.In general, English relies primarily on word order to indicate what roles participants are playing in a sentence. In "John kicked Peter", we know that "John" is the one doing the action and "Peter" is the one that is acted upon. Italian, however, permits freer word order variation, allowing "scrambled" sentences like "(he) kicked Peter John". This is because Italian verbs always take an ending that 'agrees with' the one doing the verb. It remains unknown, though, whether there is a one-to-one mapping between which participant(s) people's attention is drawn to (and in what order) and what word order they expect in a sentence.We employ a version of the implicit cueing paradigm adapted to sentence processing work to investigate this. This allows us to tap into processes that are "beyond conscious awareness", thus reducing interference from intentional, conscious thought processes. We will conduct three experiments in the University of Manchester's Psycholinguistics Lab. Fieldwork is also planned in Italy.This work will contribute to ongoing research in "situated language processing" - an approach to language research which emphasises the important contributions that non-linguistic sources of information make during language processing. Findings have the potential to influence language teaching methods that make use of implicit priming techniques to assist in developing comprehension strategies.

心理语言学是研究人们如何处理（即，理解并产生语言。然而，迄今为止，该领域的大多数工作都只集中在英语上。事实上，在世界上的6 k+语言中，只有大约0.6%的语言使用心理语言学方法进行了研究。这意味着世界语言的多样性在文献中的代表性严重不足，许多理论和发现是否具有普遍性仍然是未知的。本研究有助于解决这些问题，通过调查跨语言的词序变化的处理。我们的目标是回答以下问题：视觉线索影响不同语序的句子是如何处理的？我们使用行为方法来解决这个问题。我们的语言样本是英语和意大利语。显式（即，“明显的”）视觉线索已经被证明有助于句子处理。在“put the apple on the towel in the box”这个句子中，我是应该把已经在towel上的苹果放进盒子里，还是应该把苹果放在已经在盒子里的towel上，这一点并不清楚。看到一个图像，显然消除了这种混乱（例如，一个已经在毛巾上的苹果）帮助人们处理这样的句子。隐式（即，“不明显的”）视觉线索已经显示出影响句子产生。当人们的注意力“无意识地”被吸引到一个物体/人物身上时，他们往往会以这个物体/人物开始开始他们的句子。这些线索似乎会触发一种“思考”场景的方式，从而影响他们谈论场景的方式，我们认为这种“思考方式”不仅会影响我们如何产生句子，还会影响我们如何处理句子。然而，内隐线索还没有被用来研究句子加工。一般来说，英语主要依靠词序来指示参与者在句子中扮演的角色。在“约翰踢彼得”中，我们知道“约翰”是做动作的人，“彼得”是被执行的人。然而，意大利语允许更自由的词序变化，允许“混乱”的句子，如“（他）踢彼得约翰”。这是因为意大利语动词的词尾总是与动词的词尾“一致”。它仍然是未知的，虽然，是否有一个一对一的映射之间的参与者（S）的人的注意力被吸引到（以何种顺序）和什么样的词序，他们期望在sentence.We采用了一个版本的内隐提示范式适应句子加工工作来调查这一点。这使我们能够进入“超越意识意识”的过程，从而减少有意的、有意识的思维过程的干扰。我们将在曼彻斯特大学的心理语言学实验室进行三个实验。还计划在意大利进行实地考察，这项工作将有助于正在进行的“情境语言处理”研究-这是一种语言研究方法，强调非语言信息来源在语言处理过程中的重要贡献。研究结果有可能影响语言教学方法，利用内隐启动技术，以协助发展的理解策略。