Phages and Genomic Variation in V. Cholerae Evolution

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目标是描述在自然流行环境中具有流行潜力的霍乱弧菌菌株进化的机制。重点将放在噬菌体（在弧菌上生长的细菌病毒）在毒力相关基因的水平转移和在环境中调节霍乱弧菌种群动态中的作用的分子遗传学分析上。将从孟加拉国的10个环境监测点分离出噬菌体，并对其宿主范围、环境流行率以及包装和转移编码毒力相关基因的霍乱弧菌DNA的能力进行鉴定。任何与霍乱弧菌特定亚群存在负相关或正相关的噬菌体都将用特定的PCR或核酸探针进行更密切的监测。通过这种方式，我们希望评估噬菌体调节特定霍乱弧菌菌株流行的能力，从而影响这些菌株引起霍乱爆发的能力。收集环境和临床霍乱弧菌菌株，通过芯片、DNA测序和遗传指纹等方法进行分析，建立菌株之间的系统发育关系。将确定所收集菌株的毒力基因含量，并测试某些基因的变异等位基因介导毒力相关功能的能力（例如，肠道定植）。不具有已知定植因子基因的临床分离株将进行遗传分析，以确定这些菌株携带的新决定因素。据报道，存在于霍乱粪便中的霍乱弧菌在幼鼠中显示出更高的传染性。我们将使用多种方法来研究这一现象，包括生理学分析、霍乱弧菌微阵列表达谱分析和定量趋化性分析。该项目的结果不仅将提供对致病性霍乱弧菌菌株出现、演变和传播过程的全面了解，而且还将指导监测和预防措施的制定，这些措施可用于在霍乱流行地区防治霍乱。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to characterize the mechanisms governing the evolution of Vibrio cholerae strains with epidemic potential within the context of a natural endemic environment. Emphasis will be placed on molecular genetic analysis of the role of vibriophages (bacterial viruses that grow on Vibrio species) in horizontal transfer of virulence-related genes, and in modulating V. cholerae population dynamics in the environment. Vibriophages will be isolated from 10 environmental surveillance sites in Bangladesh and characterized with respect to their host range, environmental prevalence, and ability to package and transfer V. cholerae DNA encoding virulence-related genes. Any phage that correlates negatively or positively with the presence of specific subgroups of V. cholerae will be monitored more closely with specific PCR or nucleic acid probes. In this way we hope to assess the phages ability to modulate the prevalence of specific V. cholerae strains, thereby affecting the ability of these strains to cause outbreaks of cholera. Environmental and clinical V. cholerae strains will also be collected, analyzed by microarray, DNA sequencing, and genetic fingerprinting methods to establish the phylogenetic relationships among the strains. The virulence gene content of the collected strains will be determined, and variant alleles of certain genes will be tested for their ability to mediate virulence-related functions (e.g., intestinal colonization). Clinical isolates that do not possess known colonization factor genes will be subjected to genetic analysis in order to identify the novel determinants carried by these strains. V. cholerae present in cholera stools have been reported to show increased infectivity in infant mice. We will examine this phenomenon using a variety of approaches including physiology assays, expression profiling with V. cholerae microarrays and quantitative chemotaxis assays. The results of this project will not only provide a full understanding of the processes by which pathogenic V. cholerae strains emerge, evolve, and transmit, but will also guide the development of surveillance and preventive measures that can be used to combat cholera in a cholera endemic area.