Adolescent Drug Use: Exploring Neurocognitive Precursors

青少年吸毒：探索神经认知前体

• 批准号: 6953708
• 负责人: HALLAM HURT
• 金额: $ 62.04万
• 依托单位: CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-30 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6953708
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; decision making; disease /disorder onset; drug detection; human subject; impulsive behavior; longitudinal human study; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; prefrontal lobe /cortex; reinforcer; socioeconomics; substance abuse epidemiology; substance abuse related disorder; urban area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Substance use disorders in adults commonly have their onset in adolescence, with earlier onset predicting subsequent development of dependency and abuse. Our long-term objectives here are reduction of substance use disorders through an improved understanding of the precursors of early initiation of substance use by adolescents. We propose exploration of the neurocognitive precursors of early substance use, hypothesizing that particular neurocognitive characteristics will predict adolescent drug-use trajectories. We target exploration of prefrontal cortex (PFC) function, as the PFC is notable for its prolonged period of postnatal maturation and for its involvement in decision-making, self-regulation, and impulsivity -- traits common to adolescents and to substance users. This 5-year investigation, designed as a multicohort observational longitudinal project, proposes the following specific aims: 1) to map the developmental trajectory of prefrontally-mediated cognitive functions; 2) to examine the relation between laboratory measures of prefrontal cognitive functions and measures of impulsivity, and to map the developmental trajectory of impulsivity; and 3) to investigate the role of prefrontal cortex function and impulsivity in early drug use and in various adolescent drug-use trajectories. In an urban, mixed socioeconomic status sample, three groups of 175 subjects will be enrolled at the following ages 10, 11, and 12 years, for a total of 525 subjects. Each group will be followed for 5 years. On four occasions subjects will be administered a battery of neuro-cognitive tasks and measures of impulsivity, will complete an assessment of risk behaviors, a self-assessment for pubertal stage, and provide a urine sample for drug screening. The major data analysis strategy will use mixture models to calculate differential trajectories of development of the prefrontal cortex and impulsivity as well as drug use initiation. At project end we anticipate improved understanding of the neurocognitive precursors of adolescent drug use. This, in turn, will provide an infrastructure for developing prevention strategies.

描述（由申请人提供）： 成人的药物使用障碍通常在青春期发病，较早发病预示着随后会出现依赖性和滥用。我们的长期目标是通过更好地了解青少年早期开始物质使用的前兆来减少物质使用障碍。我们建议探索早期药物使用的神经认知前兆，假设特定的神经认知特征将预测青少年药物使用轨迹。我们的目标是探索前额皮质 (PFC) 功能，因为 PFC 因其在出生后成熟期较长以及参与决策、自我调节和冲动（青少年和药物使用者的常见特征）而闻名。这项为期 5 年的调查被设计为多队列观察纵向项目，提出了以下具体目标：1）绘制前额介导的认知功能的发展轨迹； 2）检查前额认知功能的实验室测量与冲动测量之间的关系，并绘制冲动的发展轨迹； 3）研究前额皮质功能和冲动在早期吸毒和各种青少年吸毒轨迹中的作用。在城市混合社会经济地位样本中，将在 10、11 和 12 岁年龄段招募三组 175 名受试者，总共 525 名受试者。每组将被跟踪 5 年。有四次，受试者将接受一系列神经认知任务和冲动测量，完成风险行为评估、青春期自我评估，并提供尿液样本用于药物筛查。主要数据分析策略将使用混合模型来计算前额叶皮层发育和冲动以及药物使用起始的差异轨迹。在项目结束时，我们预计会加深对青少年吸毒的神经认知前兆的了解。反过来，这将为制定预防战略提供基础设施。