Investigating Cognitive & Neural Bases of Working Memory

认知研究

• 批准号: 6944381
• 负责人: BRADLEY R POSTLE
• 金额: $ 28.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-10 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6944381
• 关键词: attention; behavior test; clinical research; cognition; eye movements; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; perception; prefrontal lobe /cortex; short term memory; statistics /biometry; visual pathways; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Working memory refers to the cognitive capacity that enables the temporary on-line maintenance and manipulation of information when that information is no longer present in the environment. An increasingly important goal for contemporary cognitive neuroscience is to determine which of the many component processes that can contribute to working memory performance are supported by PFC, and which are supported by other brain systems. The component processes that are the focus of this proposal are storage and the subset of control processes that directly facilitate storage. The theoretical framework informing all of the experiments described here is a distributed processes view that holds that most working memory functions are not supported by specialized memory systems, but rather that they arise through the coordinated recruitment, via attention, of brain systems that have evolved to accomplish sensory, representational, or action-related functions. The specific aims of this project are: 1. To test the hypothesis that working memory storage functions are supported in a domain-specific manner in posterior cortical areas, not in PFC. 2. To test the hypothesis that PFC-mediated control processes can protect the contents of working memory storage from interference. Interference can come from two sources, external and internal. a. Hypothesis addressing external interference: An attentional filtering mechanism supported by dorsolateral PFC controls interference from competing stimuli in the environment. b. Hypothesis addressing internal interference: An inhibitory control mechanism supported by left inferior PFC mediates the effects of proactive interference.

描述（由申请人提供）：工作记忆是指当信息不再存在于环境中时，能够暂时在线维护和操作信息的认知能力。当代认知神经科学的一个日益重要的目标是确定哪些有助于工作记忆表现的组成过程是由PFC支持的，哪些是由其他大脑系统支持的。本建议关注的组件过程是存储和直接促进存储的控制过程的子集。本文所描述的所有实验的理论框架是分布式过程观点，该观点认为，大多数工作记忆功能不是由专门的记忆系统支持的，而是通过大脑系统的注意力协调招募而产生的，这些大脑系统已经进化到完成感觉、表征或行动相关的功能。本项目的具体目标是：1。为了验证工作记忆存储功能在脑后皮质区而非pfc区以特定领域的方式得到支持的假设。验证pfc介导的控制过程可以保护工作记忆存储内容不受干扰的假设。干扰可能来自两个来源，外部和内部。a.解决外部干扰的假设：由背侧PFC支持的注意过滤机制控制环境中竞争刺激的干扰。b.解决内部干扰的假设：左下端PFC支持的抑制控制机制介导了主动干扰的效果。