Investigating Cognitive and Neural Bases of Working Memory

研究工作记忆的认知和神经基础

• 批准号: 8392111
• 负责人: BRADLEY R POSTLE
• 金额: $ 49.8万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-10 至 2014-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8392111
• 关键词: Area; Attention; Awareness; Behavior; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Brain region; Classification; Clinical Treatment; Cognition; Cognitive; Comprehension; Conscious; Data; Diagnosis; Disease; Environment; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Health; Impairment; Individual Differences; Information Storage; Intelligence; Investigation; Language; Learning; Lesion; Liquid substance; Maps; Measures; Memory; Mental disorders; Methods; Molds; Multivariate Analysis; Neurobiology; Neurologic; Outcome Measure; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Personality Traits; Prefrontal Cortex; Principal Component Analysis; Procedures; Progress Reports; Property; Reading; Research; Role; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Socioeconomic Status; Source; System; Systems Theory; Techniques; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Training; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Work; base; cognitive function; cognitive rehabilitation; developmental disease; falls; frontal eye fields; improved; long term memory; nervous system disorder; novel; performance tests; programs; relating to nervous system; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; success; virtual

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Working memory refers to the retention of information in conscious awareness when this information is not present in the environment, to its manipulation, and to its use in guiding behavior. Working memory has been implicated as a critical contributor to such essential cognitive functions and properties as language comprehension, learning, planning, reasoning, and general fluid intelligence. Additionally, individual differences in working memory performance predict a remarkable array of "real world" outcome measures, from reading ability to standardized test performance to socioeconomic status to personality traits. Thus, understanding the cognitive and neural bases of working memory functions is central to understanding normal cognition, as well as its neurological and psychiatric dysfunctions. The PI's research program investigates the cognitive and neural bases of working memory function. It does so within a framework that holds that working memory is an emergent property that arises from the coordinated recruitment, via attention, of brain systems that have evolved to accomplish sensory-, representation-, or action-related functions. The Specific Aims of the present application for renewal of the PI's R01 build on this work by articulating hypotheses than will support stronger inference than could those proposed in 2003 (due to the addition of novel multivariate methods for measuring functional connectivity and of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the PI's methodological armamentarium), and by testing mechanistic hypotheses that have arisen from the PI's recent work. They are: Specific Aim 1: To test the hypothesis that working memory storage is supported by broadly distributed, functionally connected networks of regions posterior to the PFC. Specific Aim 2: To test the hypothesis that working memory storage is accomplished, in part, via the temporary activation of long-term memory (LTM) representations. Specific Aim 3: To test the hypothesis that the frontal eye fields (FEF) are a source of the attentional activation that supports working memory storage.

描述（由申请人提供）：工作记忆是指在环境中不存在此信息，操作以及其在指导行为中的使用时，信息保留在有意识的意识中。工作记忆已被牵涉到对语言理解，学习，计划，推理和一般流体智能等基本认知功能和属性等基本认知功能和特性的关键贡献。此外，工作记忆绩效的个体差异预测了一系列“现实世界”成果措施，从阅读能力到标准化的考试绩效到社会经济状况，再到人格特质。因此，理解工作记忆功能的认知和神经碱基对于理解正常认知及其神经和精神病功能障碍至关重要。 PI的研究计划调查了工作记忆功能的认知和神经碱基。它在一个框架中这样做的是，工作记忆是一种新兴属性，它是由脑系统的关注而产生的，这些招募已演变为实现感官，表示或与动作相关的功能。本工作以表达假设为基础的本工作的本申请的具体目的比2003年提出的推论要比支持更强的推理（由于将功能连接性的新型多变量方法添加到功能连接性和重复的经磁磁刺激（RTMS）中，并通过PI的方法进行了测试，并通过对PI的方法进行了测试），并通过测试了这种方法，并通过序列进行了测试），并通过序列进行了测试。 Pi最近的工作。它们是：特定目的1：测试以下假设：工作记忆存储由PFC后方区域的广泛分布，功能连接的网络支持。特定目的2：检验以下假设：工作记忆存储是通过长期记忆（LTM）表示的临时激活来完成的。特定目的3：测试额眼场（FEF）是支持工作记忆存储的注意激活的来源的假设。