A universal model for detector simulations for space applications

执行欧空局科学任务的当前和下一代星载仪器将观测天体物理学带入了精密天文学时代。仪器的设计目的是最大限度地提高特定的、高精度的科学回报，将技术能力推向更接近其理论极限的水平。与此同时，计算方法的快速进步释放了依赖仪器模拟来实现这些高精度科学案例的能力。详细的仪器建模现在跨越了项目的所有阶段：将高级科学要求转化为定义的仪器概念，在设计和建造阶段监测科学性能规范和要求之间的符合性，通过校准优化科学回报，规划科学操作，以及分析天文数据产品。仪器模拟的一个关键方面是探测器的行为。虽然许多仪器使用相似(在某些情况下是相同的)检测器，但大多数仪器团队都独立地实现了最重要的基本检测器效果，以便将其应用到仪器模拟器中

The current and next generation of spaceborne instruments embarked upon ESA Science missions have moved observational astrophysics into an era of precision astronomy. Instruments are designed to maximize specific, high-precision science returns that push technical capabilities ever closer to their theoretical limits. In parallel, rapid advances in computational methods have unlocked the capability of relying on instrument simulations accounting for complex optical, mechanical, thermal, and other effects to achieve these high precision science cases.The implementation of detailed instrument modelling now spans all phases of a project: translating the high-level science requirements into a defined instrument concept, monitoring the compliance between science performance specifications and requirements during the design and construction phases, optimising science return through calibration, planning for science operations, and analysing astronomical data products.One critical aspect of instrument simulation is the behaviour of the detectors. While many instruments use similar (and in some cases identical) detectors, most instrument teams have implemented the most important basic detector effects for their application into their instrument simulators independentl