Zero Emissions Ammonia Power Technology

这一研究主题背后的广泛背景是基于交通运输部门迫切需要从传统化石燃料过渡。事实上，应对气候变化的紧迫性在英国的《气候变化法》中得到了认可，该法案规定了具有法律约束力的温室气体（GHG）减排目标，即到2050年至少减少100%（相对于1990年基线）。鉴于运输部门是英国温室气体排放的最大贡献者，运输部门需要进行重大改革，以实现这一目标。在这方面，绿色氨作为一种可行的、无碳的未来燃料，具有在运输中替代传统化石燃料的潜力，已经引起了人们的极大关注。特别是，海运业已将大量投资用于采用绿色氨作为航运燃料。该项目解决了向基于绿色氨的未来燃料系统过渡所面临的挑战之一。这一挑战涉及与氨燃烧过程相关的高氮氧化物（NOx）排放。考虑到氮氧化物排放对环境和健康的重大影响，必须通过实施氮氧化物后处理装置来控制这些氮氧化物排放。减少氮氧化物排放的最佳方法是通过催化还原，产生氮气和蒸汽。如今，在富O2废气环境下用于NOx还原的最突出的技术是：i）贫NOx捕集器（LNT），ii）氨选择性催化还原（SCR），其通常还配备有氨泄漏催化剂（ASC）。NOx的选择性催化还原通常使用传统的催化转化器进行。这些技术代表了目前最先进的NOx后处理装置，但昂贵、庞大且耐用性差。这些因素，再加上高氮氧化物排放与氨燃烧过程中，限制了经济和技术的适用性，目前的氮氧化物后处理技术氨燃料engineer.This研究课题的目标需要调查创新的解决方案，以推动发展负担得起的，改进的和更有效的氮氧化物减排技术，这可以在氨燃料发动机实施。具体而言，该研究项目将提供一种用于减少NOx排放的开创性技术：微结构多功能转换器。与传统的催化转化器相比，这种技术体积更小，功能更多，更便宜，更耐用，具有巨大的潜力。因此，本项目的首要目标是研究一种新型微结构多功能转化器在氨燃料发动机典型排气工况下降低NOx排放的可行性，其重要性和相关性不容低估。该项目提供了对NOx后处理系统的开发做出重要贡献的潜力，该系统可以在经济和技术上满足氨燃料发动机的要求。这些技术的进步对于过渡到基于零碳、绿色氨的未来燃料系统至关重要，反过来，也是遵守英国气候变化目标的关键。

The broad context behind this research topic is based on the imminent need to transition away from conventional fossil fuels in the transportation sector. Indeed, the urgency to address climate change is recognised within the UK's Climate Change Act, which stipulates a legally binding greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction target of at least 100% by 2050 (against the 1990 baseline.) Given that the transportation sector is the largest contributor to the UK's GHG emissions, drastic changes are required within the transportation sector for the compliance of this target. In this respect, green ammonia has attracted significant attention as a viable, carbon-free, fuel of the future, with the potential to replace conventional fossil fuels in transportation. In particular, the maritime industry has directed considerable investment towards the adoption of green ammonia as a shipping fuel.This project addresses one of the challenges facing the transition towards a future fuel system based on green ammonia. This challenge pertains to the high nitrous oxide (NOx) emissions associated with the ammonia combustion process. Given the significant environmental and health implications associated with NOx emissions, it is imperative that these NOx emissions are controlled by implementing NOx aftertreatment devices.The best approach to reduce NOx emissions is through catalytic reduction, which yields nitrogen and steam. Today, the most prominent technologies for NOx reduction under the O2-rich exhaust environment are: i) lean NOx trap (LNT), ii) ammonia selective catalytic reduction (SCR), which is frequently also equipped with an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC). Selective catalytic reduction of NOx has typically been performed using traditional catalytic converters. These technologies represent the current, most advanced NOx aftertreatment devices available, but are expensive, large and poorly durable. These factors, coupled with the high NOx emissions associated with the ammonia combustion process, limit the economic and technical suitability of the current NOx aftertreatment technologies to ammonia-fuelled engines.This research topic targets the need to investigate innovative solutions to advance the development of an affordable, improved and more efficient NOx emission reduction technology, which could be implemented in an ammonia-fuelled engine. Specifically, the research project will deliver a pioneering technology for NOx emissions reduction: the Micro-structured Multifunctional Converter. Smaller, multifunctional, cheaper and more durable than the traditional catalytic converters, this technology offers enormous potential. Therefore, the overarching objective of this project is to investigate the feasibility of a novel Micro-structured Multifunctional Converter for NOx emissions reduction under typical exhaust operation conditions found in ammonia-fuelled engines.The significance and relevance of this research topic cannot be understated. This project offers the potential to generate important contributions towards the development of NOx aftertreatment system that can economically and technically meet the requirements of an ammonia-fuelled engine. The advancement of such technologies is pivotal to the transition into a future fuel system based on zero-carbon, green ammonia, and in turn, the compliance of the UK's climate change targets.