'More divine than human': the ritual life of the English Chapel Royal, 1558-1625

伊丽莎白一世和詹姆士一世时期的皇家教堂是英国宫廷宗教生活和英国教会政治方向的中心。皇家礼拜堂的服务，仪式和布道为强有力的改革宗王权提供了一个宝贵的舞台。尽管如此，还没有对皇家教堂进行详细的研究。尽管最近对皇室布道的研究非常宝贵，但它在很大程度上仍然脱离了皇家礼拜堂的礼仪和政治背景。因此，我的博士研究将强调皇家礼拜堂是伊丽莎白和詹姆士一世时期对法院、教会和国家的精神和世俗权威的重要组成部分。这个项目是我在本科和硕士论文中对伊丽莎白皇家教堂的研究发展而来的。虽然这项研究仅限于考虑教堂在一般背景下的结构，以及其成员的个人政治生活，但它作为对伊丽莎白和詹姆斯四世统治期间皇家教堂更广泛、更详细的研究的基础。我的博士项目将建立在这些基础上，追踪1558年至1625年间皇家教堂的礼仪和政治连续性。这将为英格兰教会形成时期的史学辩论提供一个全新的宫廷视角，比如伊丽莎白时期的宗教“和解”，以及詹姆斯一世时期宫廷和进步中原始劳德主义和加尔文主义的平衡。1558年至1625年间，皇家礼拜堂的政治和教会性质将通过其制度结构、礼拜仪式、音乐和布道来追溯。通过对这四个组成部分的跨学科评估，将探索皇家教堂的政治和宫廷性质以及伊丽莎白和詹姆斯的个人偏好。通过对都铎王朝和斯图亚特王朝的比较，“伊丽莎白王朝”和“詹姆士王朝”的界限将被提出，以说明伊丽莎白的“亨利王朝”新教和詹姆斯的长老会影响的加尔文主义的发展。这将为16世纪末和17世纪初君主，贵族和教会之间的紧张关系提供新的视角。现有的研究在很大程度上局限于考虑与伊丽莎白和雅各比王室教堂有关的三个来源：“旧支票簿”；它的复制版本‘Bodleian MS Rawl D 138’；以及牛津大学图书馆收藏的拉封丹的《国王的音乐》抄本。虽然音乐学家约翰·哈利和安德鲁·阿什比提供了教堂的结构和一些成员的传记信息，但教堂文件的政治性质经常被忽视。被低估的教堂至高无上的誓言以及对decanal权威和纪律的描述表明，在教堂管理中，君主，张伯伦勋爵和个人朝臣的影响之间存在冲突和联合。这些潮流并不局限于教堂的内部政治，而是与英格兰国教会的宗教和政治紧张关系密切相关。还将探讨伊丽莎白一世和詹姆士一世礼仪的仪式主义，将菲奥娜·基斯比的研究延伸到亨利皇家礼拜堂，探索改革宗仪式中王权的表达。这将通过包括国家文件日历，宫廷日记和宝石屋和宫廷礼仪物品清单在内的资源进行探索。通过对这些资料的调查，以提供一个更清晰的教堂服务的画面，Diarmaid MacCulloch和其他人将皇家教堂比喻为改革英格兰独特的保守主义，将变得复杂和扩展，以询问这种“保守主义”的确切性质，以及它在英国宫廷和教会紧张关系中的重要性。鉴于音乐学和历史研究之间的鸿沟，我的研究

The Elizabethan and Jacobean Chapel Royal was central to both the devotional life of the English court and to the political direction of the English Church. The services, rituals, and sermons of the Chapel Royal provided a valuable stage from which a potent Reformed royal supremacy could be articulated. Despite this, no detailed study has yet been made of the Chapel Royal. Though recent research into royal sermons has been invaluable, it has remained largely divorced from the liturgical and political context of the Chapel Royal. My DPhil research will thus emphasise the Chapel Royal as a crucial component in the Elizabethan and Jacobean articulation of spiritual and temporal authority over court, church, and nation. This project has developed from research conducted on the Elizabethan Chapel Royal in my undergraduate and masters' theses. This research, though limited to considerations of the structure of the Chapel in a general context, and the individual political lives of its members, acted as a primer for this broader and more detailed proposed study of the Chapel Royal between Elizabeth and James's 4 reigns. My DPhil project will build on these foundations to track the liturgical and political continuity of the Chapel Royal between 1558 and 1625. This will allow for a fresh courtly perspective on historiographical debates over the formative years of the Church of England, such as the Elizabethan Religious 'Settlement', and the Jacobean balancing of proto-Laudianism and Calvinism both at court and on progress. The political and ecclesiastical nature of the Chapel Royal between 1558 and 1625 will be traced through its institutional structure, liturgy and ritual, music, and sermons. By an interdisciplinary assessment of these four components, both the political and courtly nature of the Chapel Royal and the personal predilections of both Elizabeth and James will be explored. By a comparison of Tudor and Stuart regimes, the boundaries of 'Elizabethan' and 'Jacobean' will be broached to illustrate the development of Elizabeth's 'Henrician' Protestantism, and James's Presbyterian-influenced Calvinism. This will shed fresh light on the key tensions between monarch, nobility, and church in the late-sixteenth and early-seventeenth-centuries.Existing studies have largely limited themselves to the consideration of three sources relating to the Elizabethan and Jacobean Chapel Royal: the 'Old Cheque Book'; its copied version 'Bodleian MS Rawl D 138'; and la Fontaine's transcription of the 'King's Musick' held in the Bodleian Library. Though musicologists John Harley and Andrew Ashbee have provided a sense of the Chapel structure and some biographical information of its members, the political nature of chapel documents is frequently neglected. The under-assessed Chapel oath of supremacy and accounts of decanal authority and discipline point to conflict and coalition in Chapel administration between the influence of the monarch, Lord Chamberlain, and individual courtiers. These currents are not limited to the internal politics of the Chapel but are intimately related to the ecclesiastical and political tensions of the Church of England. The ritualism of the Elizabethan and Jacobean liturgy will also be explored, extending the research of Fiona Kisby into the Henrician Chapel Royal to explore the expression of monarchical power in Reformed ritual. This will be explored through sources including the Calendar of State Papers, court diaries, and inventories of liturgical items in the Jewel House and at court. By an investigation of these sources to provide a clearer picture of Chapel services, Diarmaid MacCulloch and others' figuration of the Chapel Royal as uniquely conservative in Reformation England will be complicated and extended to interrogate the precise nature of this 'conservatism', and its importance in the tensions of the English court and church. Given the gulf between musicological and historical studies, my research