Transgender citizenship in Lebanon: Navigating socio-legal and medical constructions of gender in Lebanon's judicial order and healthcare system

这一博士项目将从民族志和历史角度调查性别的法律-行政、医疗和社会-宗教结构对黎巴嫩变性人寻求医疗和法律性别矫正所穿越的法律和医疗政策格局的影响。将考虑这些行政程序对变性人自我认知的影响，以及变性人通过与司法和医疗保健系统的互动影响政策的机构。这个项目的一个特别重点将是分析上诉法院法官最近在个人身份法解释方面的变化，以确认变性人的自我认同权，消除之前承认性别身份的外科手术先决条件。研究问题：-黎巴嫩的法律-行政、医疗和社会-宗教性别结构如何影响影响变性人的法律和医疗政策？-变性人与黎巴嫩司法秩序的互动如何影响关于性别焦虑症的生物伦理共识的谈判？这些互动如何影响自我认知？本研究的方法论方法来自政策人类学，它将政策视为理解国家与公民关系的一种手段。在肖尔和赖特之后，这个项目将把政策作为一种“文化文本”来对待，理解到政策设计可能会阐明更广泛的社会问题，因为政策与社会的“意义域”是相互构成的关系。因此，黎巴嫩的法律和医疗保健政策将被作为一个起点，以考虑社会宗教对性别的理解，以及确认性别的法律和医疗程序。这项研究还将借鉴法律人类学的方法，考虑变性人通过司法系统谈判修改其个人身份记录的“争议过程”。我将采用纳德的法律用户理论，从这样的假设出发，即法律的方向主要取决于人们能够并有动力利用法律做什么，从而使跨性别请愿人的机构通过他们与国家的互动来影响法律的方向和政策的制定。在考虑与歧视性的国家行政程序接触对变性人自我认知的影响时，方法论的某些方面将从巴雷托和埃莱默斯所描述的偏见的社会心理学中汲取。

This doctoral project will ethnographically and historically investigate the influence of legal-administrative, medical and socio-religious constructions of gender upon the legal and medical policy landscapes traversed by Lebanese transgender individuals in pursuit of medical treatment and legal gender emendation. The impact of navigating these administrative processes on transgender self-cognition will be considered, as well as the agency of transgender individuals in influencing policy through interactions with the judicial and healthcare systems. A particular focus of this project will be an analysis of the context surrounding recent shifts in the interpretation of personal status law by Court of Appeal judges to affirm the right of transgender individuals to self-identity, removing a previous surgical prerequisite to gender identity recognition.Research Questions:- How do legal-administrative, medical and socio-religious constructions of gender in Lebanon shape legal and medical policy affecting transgender individuals?- How do the interactions of transgender individuals with the Lebanese judicial order affect the netgotiation of bioethical consensus on gender dysphoria? How do these interactions affect self-cognition?The methodological approach of this study is informed by the anthropology of policy, which takes policy as a means to understand state-citizen relationships. Following Shore and Wright, this project will approach policy as a 'cultural text', understanding that policy design may elucidate broader societal questions due to the mutually-constitutive relationship of policy with social 'domains of meaning'. Thus, Lebanese legal and healthcare policy will be taken as a starting point to consider socio-religious understandings of gender, and gender-affirming legal and medical procedures.This study will also draw upon the methods of the anthropology of law to consider the 'disputing process' by which transgender individuals negotiate amendments to their personal status records through the judicial system. I will adopt Nader's user theory of law, embarking from the assumption that 'the direction of law depends mainly on what people are enabled and motivated to use the law to do,' thus centring the agency of transgender petitioners in influencing the direction of law- and policymaking through their interactions with the state. In considering the effect of engagement with discriminatory state administrative procedures on transgender self-cognition, some aspects of methodology will be drawn from the social psychology of prejudice, as described by Barreto and Ellemers.