Transgender citizenship in Lebanon: Navigating socio-legal and medical constructions of gender in Lebanon's judicial order and healthcare system

这个博士项目将从民族志和历史角度调查性别的法律行政、医疗和社会宗教结构对黎巴嫩跨性别者在追求医疗和法律性别修正时所穿越的法律和医疗政策景观的影响。在跨性别自我认知的导航这些行政过程的影响将被考虑，以及跨性别个人的机构在影响政策通过与司法和医疗保健系统的相互作用。该项目的一个特别重点将是分析上诉法院法官最近对个人身份法的解释发生变化的背景，这些变化确认了变性人的自我认同权利，取消了先前对性别认同的手术先决条件。研究问题：-黎巴嫩关于性别的法律行政、医疗和社会宗教结构如何影响影响跨性别者的法律和医疗政策？-跨性别者与黎巴嫩司法秩序的互动如何影响关于性别不安的生物伦理共识的谈判？这些相互作用如何影响自我认知？本研究的方法论采用政策人类学，将政策作为理解国家与公民关系的手段。继Shore和Wright之后，该项目将把政策作为一种“文化文本”，理解政策设计可能会阐明更广泛的社会问题，因为政策与社会“意义领域”的相互构成关系。因此，将以黎巴嫩的法律和保健政策为起点，考虑社会宗教对性别的理解以及肯定性别的法律和医疗程序。本研究还将借鉴法律人类学的方法来考虑跨性别者通过司法系统协商修改其个人身份记录的“争议过程”。我将采用纳德的法律用户理论，从“法律的方向主要取决于人们有能力和动机使用法律去做什么”的假设出发，从而将跨性别请愿者的代理集中在通过他们与国家的互动来影响法律和政策制定的方向上。在考虑参与歧视性国家行政程序对跨性别者自我认知的影响时，方法论的某些方面将借鉴巴雷托和埃勒默斯所描述的偏见的社会心理学。

This doctoral project will ethnographically and historically investigate the influence of legal-administrative, medical and socio-religious constructions of gender upon the legal and medical policy landscapes traversed by Lebanese transgender individuals in pursuit of medical treatment and legal gender emendation. The impact of navigating these administrative processes on transgender self-cognition will be considered, as well as the agency of transgender individuals in influencing policy through interactions with the judicial and healthcare systems. A particular focus of this project will be an analysis of the context surrounding recent shifts in the interpretation of personal status law by Court of Appeal judges to affirm the right of transgender individuals to self-identity, removing a previous surgical prerequisite to gender identity recognition.Research Questions:- How do legal-administrative, medical and socio-religious constructions of gender in Lebanon shape legal and medical policy affecting transgender individuals?- How do the interactions of transgender individuals with the Lebanese judicial order affect the netgotiation of bioethical consensus on gender dysphoria? How do these interactions affect self-cognition?The methodological approach of this study is informed by the anthropology of policy, which takes policy as a means to understand state-citizen relationships. Following Shore and Wright, this project will approach policy as a 'cultural text', understanding that policy design may elucidate broader societal questions due to the mutually-constitutive relationship of policy with social 'domains of meaning'. Thus, Lebanese legal and healthcare policy will be taken as a starting point to consider socio-religious understandings of gender, and gender-affirming legal and medical procedures.This study will also draw upon the methods of the anthropology of law to consider the 'disputing process' by which transgender individuals negotiate amendments to their personal status records through the judicial system. I will adopt Nader's user theory of law, embarking from the assumption that 'the direction of law depends mainly on what people are enabled and motivated to use the law to do,' thus centring the agency of transgender petitioners in influencing the direction of law- and policymaking through their interactions with the state. In considering the effect of engagement with discriminatory state administrative procedures on transgender self-cognition, some aspects of methodology will be drawn from the social psychology of prejudice, as described by Barreto and Ellemers.