Physical activity to improve mental health in adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged black and minority ethnic and refugee communities

在英国，每年有20%的青少年经历心理健康问题，其中压力是主要原因。青春期代表着快速的成长和发展，其特征是许多身体，情感和社会变化。这些变化以及来自学校，家庭，同龄人和社交媒体的社会压力意味着今天的青少年比以往任何时候都更有压力。我们最近在青少年中的试点数据表明，通过更适应的方式应对压力，体育活动与较低的焦虑和抑郁有关。因此，有必要采取干预措施，促进青少年定期进行体育活动，以增强心理健康。重要的是要认识到，压力、心理健康和体育活动在社会中的分布并不均匀：来自少数民族和/或低社会经济背景的青少年更有可能经历更大的压力和心理健康问题。抑郁症，以及寻求心理健康支持的低比率在南亚青少年人群中非常普遍。该项目确定了参与支持心理健康干预措施的障碍和促进因素。该项目旨在为社会经济条件不利的巴梅尔社区的青少年制定体育活动干预措施，通过加强更好地适应压力来改善心理健康，具体目标是：1）确定身体活动的决定因素，压力，社会经济处境不利的巴默尔社区青少年的健康和心理健康。产生一个身体活动干预，以促进更好地应对压力，以提高心理健康的青少年从社会经济上处于不利地位的巴默社区。方法和技术这一合作项目将在霍奇山病房伯明翰进行。选区的社区代表了不同种族的人口，生活在贫困中的年轻人人数高于平均水平（例如，享有免费校餐的儿童人数很多）。这个病房的特点将提高该项目的普适性，在伯明翰和英国的其他地区。根据制定行为干预措施以促进健康的以人为本的方法（亚德利，2015年），将使用以下混合方法：1.与青少年和其他利益攸关方（例如，将研究来自社会经济处境不利的巴梅尔社区的青少年的身体活动、压力和心理健康的决定因素。2.利用研究1和现有的身体活动干预措施的信息，身体活动干预措施将与青少年，家长和教师使用一系列研讨会共同开发。研讨会将讨论干预提供方法，持续时间，身体活动的类型，以及支持行为改变的方法。评估共同制作的干预措施在青少年中的可行性和有效性。将使用定量和定性研究方法获得详细的反馈、参与者方案参与情况和干预措施的效果。根据早期的发现，最终确定实施材料，将其纳入BEP的标准实践、更广泛的传播并完成博士论文。这项合作的主要预期成果将是一项体育活动干预措施，以支持整个英国巴梅尔社区青少年的心理健康。

In the UK, 20% of adolescents experience mental health problems yearly, of which stress is a leading cause. The period of adolescence represents rapid growth and development characterised by numerous physical, emotional, and social changes. These changes alongside societal pressures from school, families, peers, and social media mean teenagers are more stressed today than they have ever been. Our recent pilot data in adolescents demonstrates that physical activity is associated with lower anxiety and depression, through more adaptive ways of coping with stress. Thus, there is a need for interventions to promote regular physical activity in adolescents to enhance mental health.It is important to recognise that stress, mental health, and physical activity are not equally distributed in society: adolescents from ethnic minorities and/or low socio-economic backgrounds are more likely to experience increased stress and mental health problems.A recent Birmingham community-based BEP project confirmed that stress, anxiety, depression, as well as low rates of seeking mental health support were highly prevalent in a population of South Asian adolescents. This project identified barriers and facilitators of engagement with interventions to support mental health. This project aims to develop a physical activity intervention for adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged BAMER communities to improve mental health by enhancing more adaptive coping with stress.The specific objectives are: 1) Identify the determinants of physical activity, stress, and mental health in adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged BAMER communities.2) Co-produce a physical activity intervention to foster better coping with stress to enhance mental health in adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged BAMER communities.Methodology and TechniquesThis collaborative project will be conducted in the Hodge Hill ward of Birmingham. The ward's communities represent a diverse ethnic population with an above average number of young people living in poverty (e.g., high number of children entitled to free school meals). The characteristics of this ward will enhance the generalisability of the project to other areas in Birmingham and the UK. In line with the person-based approach for the development of behavioural interventions to enhance health (Yardley, 2015), the following mixed-methods approach will be used: 1. Questionnaires and focus groups with adolescents and other stakeholders (e.g., parents, teachers) will examine determinants of physical activity, stress, and mental health in adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged BAMER communities. 2. Using information from Study 1 and existing physical activity interventions, the physical activity intervention will be co-developed with adolescents, parents, and teachers using a series of workshops. Workshops will address the intervention delivery method, duration, types of physical activity, and ways to support behaviour change.3. Assess the co-produced intervention's feasibility and effectiveness in adolescents. Detailed feedback, participant programme engagement, and effects of the interventions will be obtained using quantitative and qualitative research methods.4. Based on earlier findings, finalise implementation materials to be incorporated as BEP's standard practice, broader dissemination, and complete the PhD thesis. The main anticipated outcome from this collaboration will be a physical activity intervention to support mental health in adolescents from BAMER communities throughout the UK.