Bio-Enhanced Neural Electrodes Based on Porous Silicon

基于多孔硅的生物增强神经电极

• 批准号: 6936446
• 负责人: NADER M KALKHORAN
• 金额: $ 20.97万
• 依托单位: SPIRE CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-15 至 2007-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6936446
• 关键词: atomic force microscopy; biomaterial compatibility; biomaterial interface interaction; biomaterials; ceramics; electrochemistry; histology; immunocytochemistry; implant; laboratory rat; microelectrodes; neuroanatomy; neurosurgery; scanning electron microscopy; silicon; surface coating; technology /technique development; transmission electron microscopy

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective of this program is to develop nanostructured porous silicon as neural electrode materials with enhanced biocompatibility, in particular for novel hybrid silicon/ceramic multi-site neural recording electrode arrays. We have previously shown that the pure ceramic-based multi-site neural electrode arrays can consistently record multiple single neuron activity chronically for up to six weeks. These results are similar to microwire electrodes and better than other thin film electrodes. However, in order for any electrode system to act as neural interface components of neural prosthetic devices, the electrode will be required to record consistently for many years. Preliminary studies have shown that by introducing widely varying porosity into silicon, its behavior can be tuned from that of a relatively bio-inert material to one that is bioactive, and even resorbable. In this proposal, we plan to investigate two types of semi-flexible nanostructured hybrid silicon/ceramic neural electrodes. In one type, the electrode material will be based solely on nanostructured porous silicon formed electrochemically on a thin Si substrate. In the second type of electrode, an additional ultra-thin layer of ceramic material will be formed conformally onto the nanostructured porous silicon using a special deposition process. The latter structure will allow us to directly compare the performance of electrodes with essentially nanostmctured ceramic surface to conventional ceramic-based devices. In Phase I, the efficacy of nanostructured porous silicon neural electrodes will be evaluated in vivo using rat brain model. The neural tissue will be evaluated using histology methods to look for neural damage near the site of implantation and study the growth of neurons into the porous silicon electrodes. To promote neural growth at the electrode/tissue interface and for better contact of the recording sites on the array with neurons, we will test the ability of the porous silicon to deliver neurotrophic molecules. In Phase II, upon optimizing the parameters for nanostructured porous silicon electrodes, Spire and its collaborators will design, fabricate and test in vivo performance of a two dimensional array of porous silicon-based neural electrodes for chronic, long-term (greater than 6 months) multi-site recording.

描述(申请人提供)：该计划的总体目标是开发具有增强生物兼容性的纳米结构多孔硅作为神经电极材料，特别是用于新型混合硅/陶瓷多点神经记录电极阵列。我们之前已经证明，纯陶瓷基多部位神经电极阵列可以持续记录多个单个神经元的慢性活动长达六周。这些结果与微丝电极相似，但优于其他薄膜电极。然而，为了使任何电极系统充当神经假体装置的神经接口组件，电极将被要求连续记录多年。初步研究表明，通过在硅中引入变化很大的孔隙率，它的行为可以从一种相对生物惰性的材料调整为一种具有生物活性的材料，甚至是可吸收的材料。在这个方案中，我们计划研究两种类型的半柔性纳米结构杂化硅/陶瓷神经电极。在一种类型中，电极材料将完全基于在薄硅衬底上电化学形成的纳米结构多孔硅。在第二种类型的电极中，通过特殊的沉积工艺在纳米结构多孔硅上共形形成一层额外的超薄陶瓷材料。后一种结构将允许我们直接比较具有基本纳米结构的陶瓷表面的电极与传统的基于陶瓷的器件的性能。 在第一阶段，将使用大鼠脑模型在体内评估纳米结构多孔硅神经电极的效果。神经组织将使用组织学方法进行评估，以寻找植入部位附近的神经损伤，并研究神经元在多孔硅电极中的生长情况。为了促进电极/组织界面上的神经生长，并使阵列上的记录位置与神经元更好地接触，我们将测试多孔硅输送神经营养分子的能力。在第二阶段，在优化纳米结构多孔硅电极的参数后，Spire及其合作者将设计、制造和测试用于长期(超过6个月)长期多点记录的二维多孔硅基神经电极阵列的体内性能。